“…The concept of well-being refers to general life satisfaction and emotional intensity or, in other words, the happiness and satisfaction of people with their lives (Larsen et al , 1985). Shoppers’ well-being is affected by experiential mall characteristics such as retail offerings, functionality, convenience, safety, atmosphere, design, incorporation of greenery, mall image, leisure and services (El Hedhli et al , 2013; Maggioni et al , 2019; Rosenbaum et al , 2016; Mohammad Shafiee and Es-Haghi, 2017) as well as shopper characteristics such as decision styles, shopping values, self-congruity, self-identification and gender (El Hedhli et al , 2013; El Hedhli et al , 2016; Maggioni et al , 2019; Mohammad Shafiee and Es-Haghi; 2017). Well-being is an indicator at the individual level that reflects the short-term reaction of shoppers to the absence of mall experiences.…”