Malleable Mitochondrion of Trypanosoma brucei

Verner, Zdeněk; Basu, Somsuvro; Benz, Corinna; Dixit, Sameer; Dobáková, Eva; Faktorová, Drahomíra; Hashimi, Hassan; Horáková, Eva; Huang, Zeqi; Paris, Zdeněk; Peña-Diaz, Priscila; Ridlon, Lucie; Týč, Jiří; Wildridge, David; Zı́ková, Alena; Lukeš, Julius

doi:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2014.11.001

Cited by 92 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 381 publications

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“…Trypanosomes are an extreme example in eukaryotes in having just one mitochondrion that spans the length of the cell and have novel aspects that make the mitochondrion potentially important for discovery of novel drug targets (Verner et al, 2015). Accurate inheritance is crucial with just a single mitochondrion, but how tubular mitochondria are segregated and inherited is poorly understood within eukaryotic cells.…”

Section: Extensive Mitochondrial Branching Along the Ventral Surface mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of organelle ontogeny through a cell cycle revealed by whole-cell reconstructions using 3D electron microscopy

Hughes¹,

Borrett²,

Towers³

et al. 2017

Development

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The major mammalian bloodstream form of the African sleeping sickness parasite Trypanosoma brucei multiplies rapidly, and it is important to understand how these cells divide. Organelle inheritance involves complex spatiotemporal re-arrangements to ensure correct distribution to daughter cells. Here, serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) was used to reconstruct whole individual cells at different stages of the cell cycle to give an unprecedented temporal, spatial and quantitative view of organelle division, inheritance and abscission in a eukaryotic cell. Extensive mitochondrial branching occurred only along the ventral surface of the parasite, but the mitochondria returned to a tubular form during cytokinesis. Fission of the mitochondrion occurred within the cytoplasmic bridge during the final stage of cell division, correlating with cell abscission. The nuclei were located underneath each flagellum at mitosis and the mitotic spindle was located along the ventral surface, further demonstrating the asymmetric arrangement of cell cleavage in trypanosomes. Finally, measurements demonstrated that multiple Golgi bodies were accurately positioned along the flagellum attachment zone, suggesting a mechanism for determining the location of Golgi bodies along each flagellum during the cell cycle.

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Section: Extensive Mitochondrial Branching Along the Ventral Surface mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of organelle ontogeny through a cell cycle revealed by whole-cell reconstructions using 3D electron microscopy

Hughes¹,

Borrett²,

Towers³

et al. 2017

Development

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“…The mRNA encoding cytochrome c oxidase (cox) 2 is cut by the third RECC endonuclease that recognizes this unique substrate, which contains a gRNA-like element in its 3 ′ UTR that guides the addition of 4 U's within the ORF by KRET2 (Golden and Hajduk 2005). After the appropriate editing event is finished at the ES, an RNA ligase reseals the two mRNA fragments Verner et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrity of the core mitochondrial RNA-binding complex 1 is vital for trypanosome RNA editing

Huang

Faktorová

Křížová

et al. 2015

RNA

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Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of the human and veterinarian diseases African sleeping sickness and nagana. A majority of its mitochondrial-encoded transcripts undergo RNA editing, an essential process of post-transcriptional uridine insertion and deletion to produce translatable mRNA. Besides the well-characterized RNA editing core complex, the mitochondrial RNA-binding 1 (MRB1) complex is one of the key players. It comprises a core complex of about six proteins, guide RNA-associated proteins (GAPs) 1/2, which form a heterotetramer that binds and stabilizes gRNAs, plus MRB5390, MRB3010, and MRB11870, which play roles in initial stages of RNA editing, presumably guided by the first gRNA:mRNA duplex in the case of the latter two proteins. To better understand all functions of the MRB1 complex, we performed a functional analysis of the MRB8620 core subunit, the only one not characterized so far. Here we show that MRB8620 plays a role in RNA editing in both procyclic and bloodstream stages of T. brucei, which reside in the tsetse fly vector and mammalian circulatory system, respectively. While RNAi silencing of MRB8620 does not affect procyclic T. brucei fitness when grown in glucose-containing media, it is somewhat compromised in cells grown in the absence of this carbon source. MRB8620 is crucial for integrity of the MRB1 core, such as its association with GAP1/2, which presumably acts to deliver gRNAs to this complex. In contrast, GAP1/2 is not required for the fabrication of the MRB1 core. Disruption of the MRB1 core assembly is followed by the accumulation of mRNAs associated with GAP1/2.

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“…The best-studied kDNA is that of the human pathogen and model organism Trypanosoma brucei (for current reviews, see 17– 19). It is composed of thousands of DNA circles mutually interlocked into a single network ( Figure 2) that is densely packed into a disk-shaped structure located close to the basal body of the flagellum.…”

Section: Mitochondrial Genome Architecture and Gene Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each minicircle codes for three to five small guide RNA (gRNA) genes, accounting for a total coding capacity of the kDNA of approximately 1,200 different gRNAs within approximately 250 distinct minicircle classes 26 . The gRNAs provide information for post-transcriptional RNA editing in the form of multiple insertions and deletions of uridine residues into the maxicircle-derived mRNAs (for recent reviews, see 19, 27, 28). The kDNA does not encode tRNA genes, and hence all tRNA molecules must be imported from the cytosol 29, 30 .…”

Section: Mitochondrial Genome Architecture and Gene Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In kinetoplastids, the majority of mt-encoded genes exist in a cryptic form, as their corresponding transcripts have to undergo extensive post-transcriptional RNA editing of the uridine insertion/deletion type (for recent reviews, see 19, 27, 28). In Diplonema , only a few insertions of blocks of uridines have been documented so far 31, 32 .…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Mitochondrial Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From simple to supercomplex: mitochondrial genomes of euglenozoan protists

et al. 2016

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Mitochondria are double membrane organelles of endosymbiotic origin, best known for constituting the centre of energetics of a eukaryotic cell. They contain their own mitochondrial genome, which as a consequence of gradual reduction during evolution typically contains less than two dozens of genes. In this review, we highlight the extremely diverse architecture of mitochondrial genomes and mechanisms of gene expression between the three sister groups constituting the phylum Euglenozoa - Euglenida, Diplonemea and Kinetoplastea. The earliest diverging euglenids possess a simplified mitochondrial genome and a conventional gene expression, whereas both are highly complex in the two other groups. The expression of their mitochondrial-encoded proteins requires extensive post-transcriptional modifications guided by complex protein machineries and multiple small RNA molecules. Moreover, the least studied diplonemids, which have been recently discovered as a highly abundant component of the world ocean plankton, possess one of the most complicated mitochondrial genome organisations known to date.

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Malleable Mitochondrion of Trypanosoma brucei

Cited by 92 publications

References 381 publications

Patterns of organelle ontogeny through a cell cycle revealed by whole-cell reconstructions using 3D electron microscopy

Patterns of organelle ontogeny through a cell cycle revealed by whole-cell reconstructions using 3D electron microscopy

Integrity of the core mitochondrial RNA-binding complex 1 is vital for trypanosome RNA editing

From simple to supercomplex: mitochondrial genomes of euglenozoan protists

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