Malnutrition in pediatric practice: differential diagnosis and possibilities for nutritional support

Захарова, И. Н.; Дмитриева, Ю. А.; Сугян, Н. Г.; Симакова, М. А.

doi:10.21518/2079-701x-2019-2-200-208

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Это обусловлено большей потребностью в нутриентах в совокупности с ограниченностью белково-энергетических резервов, незрелостью ряда метаболических процессов, причем чем меньше возраст ребенка, тем быстрее развивается недостаточность питания при наличии предпосылок [1,[19][20][21]. Поэтому адекватная организация питания у детей первого года жизни определяет нормальное нервно-психическое, физическое и долгосрочное здоровье [1,22,23] не меньше, чем основное заболевание.…”

Section: актуальностьunclassified

“…Учитывая широко распространенные данные литературы о повышенной белково-энергетической потребности детей с онкологическими заболеваниями [9,[19][20][21][22][23], для профилактики развития недостаточности питания, вероятно, даже при удовлетворительном НС детям со ЗНО целесообразно назначение субстрата питания, содержащего более высокое количество белка и энергии, чем базовая потребность здорового ребенка данной возрастной категории. Однако в настоящее время отсутствуют исследования, достоверно подтверждающие безопасность применения этой теории для детей первого года жизни.…”

Section: о б з о р ы л и т е р а т у р ы || L I T E R a T U R E R E Vunclassified

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A modern view of assessment and correction of the nutritional status in infants with tumor neoplasms

Shumakova

Грошева

Сагоян

et al. 2021

Ross. ž. det. gematol. onkol.

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Malignant neoplasms are the second most common cause of infant mortality worldwide. Nutritional deficiency occurs in approximately 60 % of children with cancer and contributes to a decrease in immune function, delayed wound healing, impaired drug metabolism, and a severe and recurrent course of infectious complications. Malnutrition has a particularly adverse effect on outcomes and is one of the main preventable causes of death in infants. Given the growing trend in the incidence of cancer in children of the first years of life, the lack of standards and recommendations for the therapeutic nutrition of these patients, the organization of nutritional support for infants in the context of pediatric oncology is becoming increasingly important. Our article presents current trends in the assessment and correction of the nutritional status of infants with cancer.

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Section: актуальностьunclassified

Section: о б з о р ы л и т е р а т у р ы || L I T E R a T U R E R E Vunclassified

A modern view of assessment and correction of the nutritional status in infants with tumor neoplasms

Shumakova

Грошева

Сагоян

et al. 2021

Ross. ž. det. gematol. onkol.

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Characteristics of the Metabolic Status of Children of the First Year of Life With Protein-Energy Deficiency Depending on the Gestational Age at Birth

et al. 2020

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Comparative analysis of energy-plastic exchange indicators in mature and premature children of the first year of life in the development of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) was carried out. Unidirectional changes are revealed, including an increase in creatinine, lactate and creatine phosphokinase activity levels, suggesting a n increasing muscle mass deficit against the background of glucose anaerobic oxidation activation. In preterm infants, glucose and triacylglicerine levels decrease, which reflects uncompensated insufficiency of energy substrates and, accordingly, ATP level. Multidirectional deviations in metabolism are pyruvate and ATP content: increase in full-term infants and decrease in preterm infants, that should be taken into account when monitoring condition of children with PEM. A significant decrease of pyruvic acid in preterm infants against the background of the levels of total protein, albumin, hemoglobin, and transferrin, not exceeding reference values, can obviously testify to the active use of this integral metabolite to maintain the fund of substituted amino acids. Development of this pathology in both mature and premature infants creates a pre-morbid background for iron deficiency anemia-diagnostic panel, which should be supplemented by calculation of transferrin saturation coefficient. Regardless of gestational age in childbirth during the formation of PEM, the lipid spectrum is rearranged according to atherogenic type: at normal values of total cholesterol, there is a significant increase in low and very low density lipoproteins with an increase in the atherogenicity coefficient. This singles out children with the pathology in question as a risk group for the development of the atherosclerotic process later, which justifies the recommendation to control the lipid profile in children of the first year of life.

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Nutritional support for different conditions accompanied with protein and energy insufficiency in children

et al. 2023

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Introduction. Malnutrition in children manifests itself in the form of general metabolic disorders and leads to impaired cellular differentiation of tissues. The state of nutritional status is an important success factor in the treatment of any disease, therefore, the development of methodological approaches to optimize the nutritional status of children with protein-energy malnutrition is an urgent task.Aim. To study the efficacy and safety of nutritional support in various conditions accompanied by protein-energy malnutrition in children.Materials and methods. 62 cases were analyzed: including 29 with antibiotic-associated diarrhea, 8 with celiac disease, 14 with gastrointestinal allergy (allergic enteropathy), 11 with hypostature against the background of low gestational age with birth. Age – 1–10 years. All patients were divided into groups identical in age, nosology, gender, duration of the pathological condition, degree of malnutrition. In the main group (31 children), the main treatment included a low-microbial diet, sips, parenteral nutrition with glucose-salt solutions (7–10 days), enteral nutrition. The control group consisted of 31 children, in whose therapy there was no enteral nutrition. Anthropometry, clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination were used to assess the nutritional status.Results and discussion. The main syndromes during treatment are: underweight, loss of appetite, intestinal dyspepsia and malabsorption. Analysis of the diet indicated the monotony of the set of products. The course of nutritional support was 15 days. The survey was conducted on the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th days of the study. The effect of using enteral nutrition in terms of physical development, clinical and laboratory parameters was more significant in the main group compared to conventional methods of nutrition optimization.Conclusions. The use of enteral nutrition in combination with drug therapy shows more significant effectiveness compared to conventional methods of nutrition optimization.

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Malnutrition in pediatric practice: differential diagnosis and possibilities for nutritional support

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

A modern view of assessment and correction of the nutritional status in infants with tumor neoplasms

A modern view of assessment and correction of the nutritional status in infants with tumor neoplasms

Characteristics of the Metabolic Status of Children of the First Year of Life With Protein-Energy Deficiency Depending on the Gestational Age at Birth

Nutritional support for different conditions accompanied with protein and energy insufficiency in children

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