Malting of barley with combinations of Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, Rhizopus oligosporus and Geotrichum candidum to enhance malt quality

Hattingh, Melanie; Alexander, A. E.; Meijering, I.; Reenen, Carol A. van; Dicks, Leon M. T.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.12.017

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…to enhance PLA production naturally, and to develop an ecofriendly, toxin-free beer product. Moreover, the presence of PLA during the malting step not only helps to reduce Fusarium flora and consequently, to reduce T-2 toxin concentration, but it also improves the organoleptic properties of the final beer product [36,57,58]. This study demonstrates for the first time, the role of PLA as a biocontrol agent in reducing T-2 toxin concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Phenyllactic Acid Produced by Geotrichum candidum Reduces Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae Growth and T-2 Toxin Concentration

Kawtharani

Snini

Heang

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae are present in barley crops. Their toxic metabolites, mainly T-2 toxin, affect the quality and safety of raw material and final products such as beer. Therefore, it is crucial to reduce Fusarium spp. proliferation and T-2 toxin contamination during the brewing process. The addition of Geotrichum candidum has been previously demonstrated to reduce the proliferation of Fusarium spp. and the production of toxic metabolites, but the mechanism of action is still not known. Thus, this study focuses on the elucidation of the interaction mechanism between G. candidum and Fusarium spp. in order to improve this bioprocess. First, over a period of 168 h, the co-culture kinetics showed an almost 90% reduction in T-2 toxin concentration, starting at 24 h. Second, sequential cultures lead to a reduction in Fusarium growth and T-2 toxin concentration. Simultaneously, it was demonstrated that G. candidum produces phenyllactic acid (PLA) at the early stages of growth, which could potentially be responsible for the reduction in Fusarium growth and T-2 toxin concentration. To prove the PLA effect, F. sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae were cultivated in PLA supplemented medium. The expected results were achieved with 0.3 g/L of PLA. These promising results contribute to a better understanding of the bioprocess, allowing its optimization at an up-scaled industrial level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Phenyllactic Acid Produced by Geotrichum candidum Reduces Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae Growth and T-2 Toxin Concentration

Kawtharani

Snini

Heang

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…The results presented here confirm the suppressive effect of P. oligandrum on fungal malt contaminants. Future studies will examine the effect of P. oligandrum on the malting process and malt quality, as carried out for other starter cultures , in order to fully evaluate the potential of P. oligandrum in malt production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of fungal contamination byPythium oligandrumduring malting of barley

et al. 2018

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Fungal contamination of malting barley can contribute mycotoxins and potentially compromise beer quality. Several physical, chemical and biological treatments during the malting process have been developed to decrease fungal contamination. Anti‐fungal treatments using microorganisms are desirable because they typically exhibit environmental sensitivity and sustainability, but their efficiency can be affected by the complexity of microbial interactions, as well as by undesirable side effects. We therefore sought a more effective bio‐fungicide that is applicable in the malting process. This work describes the application of RT‐PCR to quantify the anti‐fungal potential of oomycetes Pythium oligandrum on barley naturally or artificially contaminated with three Fusarium species. The suppression of fungal contamination by P. oligandrum during malting was statistically more effective than by Geotrichum candidum, with the exception of barley artificially contaminated with Fusarium oxysporum. For P. oligandrum, addition into the third steeping water was significantly more effective than application at the beginning of germination. © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

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“…Decomposition of the carrier materials may be the reason for the prokaryotic community changes in the BK treatment, however, changes were subtle as no single affected OTU could be identified. Barley kernels, which include compounds such as starch, lipids, proteins, dietary fibre (particularly betaglucans), vitamins, and minerals (Šterna, Zute, Jansone, & Kantane, 2017), were shown to be degradable by microorganisms such as Rhizopus oligosporus, various Saccharomyces, and Lactobacillus species in the fermentation process of the food product barley tempeh (Feng, Passoth, Eklund-Jonsson, Alminger, & Schnurer, 2007) or by microorganisms such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, R. oligosporus and Geotrichum candidum during malting in the beer production process (Hattingh, Alexander, Meijering, van Reenen, & Dicks, 2014). In FCBK the niche (BK) may have been occupied and/or the respective compounds may have been consumed by M. brunneum and thereby it may have become inaccessible to the soil microbial communities.…”

Section: (E))mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of soil microbial communities to the application of a formulatedMetarhizium brunneumbiocontrol strain

Mayerhofer

Rauch

Hartmann

et al. 2019

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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Entomopathogenic fungi are used for biological control of insect pests. Metarhizium brunneum Petch (Hypocreales) has potential to control Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Chrysomelidae), which is a major pest of maize in North America and has recently invaded Europe. The inundative application of an entomopathogenic fungal strain in biological control results in high densities of fungal propagules in the soil which can potentially affect soil microbial communities and their multiple functions in soil. The objective of the present study was to assess potential effects of M. brunneum on soil fungal and prokaryotic communities in a pot experiment over a time course of 4 months using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of ribosomal markers. The application of M. brunneum formulated as fungus colonised barley kernels (FCBK) led to a significant increase of the applied strain in soil, as assessed by cultivation-dependent (plating on selective medium followed by genotyping of Metarhizium isolates) and cultivation-independent (HTS of ribosomal markers) approaches. Data revealed that soil fungal and prokaryotic community structures did not change after the application of M. brunneum. Temporal changes of the fungal and prokaryotic communities were observed and the prokaryotic communities showed minor changes to barley kernels (BK), the matrix of the formulation. Results of this study are in accordance with other investigations lacking any evidence for adverse effects on microbial communities caused by applied entomopathogenic fungi.

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Malting of barley with combinations of Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, Rhizopus oligosporus and Geotrichum candidum to enhance malt quality

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Phenyllactic Acid Produced by Geotrichum candidum Reduces Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae Growth and T-2 Toxin Concentration

Phenyllactic Acid Produced by Geotrichum candidum Reduces Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. langsethiae Growth and T-2 Toxin Concentration

Suppression of fungal contamination byPythium oligandrumduring malting of barley

Response of soil microbial communities to the application of a formulatedMetarhizium brunneumbiocontrol strain

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