Mammalian Carbohydrate Metabolism

Cori, Carl F.

doi:10.1152/physrev.1931.11.2.143

Cited by 301 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Since L-lactate is a poor precursor of muscle glycogen (Cori, 1931), it is unlikely that conversion had a significant influence on distribution. Chromatograms of muscle extracts after incubation with [2-3H]DL-lactate (tritiated L-lactate was not available) failed to show other labelled substances.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular pH and distribution of weak acids across cell membranes. A study of D‐ and L‐lactate and of DMO in rat diaphragm.

Roos¹

1975

The Journal of Physiology

108

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular pH and distribution of weak acids across cell membranes. A study of D‐ and L‐lactate and of DMO in rat diaphragm.

Roos¹

1975

The Journal of Physiology

108

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“…These were not analyzed in the first 16 experiments. Plasma samples from experiments [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] were transported in frozen state to Dr. Robert Gordon at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., who kindly performed the analyses by the method described by him (11). Analyses in the remaining experiments were carried out by us using Dole's method (12).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of Forearm Metabolism With Special Reference to Free Fatty Acids*

Baltzan¹,

Andres²,

Cader³

et al. 1962

J. Clin. Invest.

159

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The metabolism of the forearm of man has been appraised by application of the Fick principle (1). The data were interpreted as indicative of the metabolism of skeletal muscle, because some two-thirds of the bulk of the forearm is skeletal muscle and because approximately 85 per cent of forearm blood flow perfuses skeletal muscle. These data on 14 subjects showed that resting skeletal muscle of the forearm, with the subject in the basal state, consumed oxygen vigorously and that only 7 + 71 per cent of its 02 uptake could be accounted for by oxidation of glucose abstracted from arterial blood. Because forearm respiratory quotient was 0.80 ± 0.03 it was concluded that the major substrate for oxygen consumption by forearm muscles was lipid. Additional subjects have now been studied and a summary of this more extensive experience is as follows: 16 + 5 per cent of 02 uptake can be accounted for by glucose oxidation (43 subjects), and forearm R.Q. is 0.76 ± 0.02 (45 subjects). The missing substrate(s) for oxidation can be calculated to be substances which on oxidation give an R.Q. of 0.71.It was predicted that the plasma lipid fraction oxidized by muscle would prove to be that fraction of fatty acid transported in intimate association with serum albumin, variously called free fatty acid (FFA), unesterified fatty acids (UFA), or nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). This fraction *These studies were aided by Contract Nonr-248 (34) between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and The Johns Hopkins University; and by grants-in-aid from the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (A-750); and the Muscular Dystrophy Associations of America, Inc. Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government.1 These data and similarly expressed data throughout the paper will always refer to the mean + the standard error of the mean. was a likely candidate because a) it is present in arterial plasma in such quantities that extraction of only 25 per cent of arterial FFA would furnish the missing substrate for the observed 02 uptake of muscle; b) circulating FFA is known to turn over with extraordinary rapidity, its half-life in plasma being about 2 minutes (2, 3); c) other lipid fractions disappear from the plasma of eviscerated animals only very slowly (4, 5).Over a period of 6 years we have failed to obtain direct evidence that this prediction is true.The discrepancy between what seemed likely to be an unimpeachable prediction and valid experimental observation led us to re-examine the basic assumptions which we had applied to study of the forearm of man and to consider the heterogeneity of the forearm tissues and the complexity of its venous drainage.It is the purpose of this report to present data on the differences in concentration of various metabolites between superficial and deep venous blood from the forearm of man, to verify the metabolic heterogeneity of the forearm, to report the concentrations of FFA in arterial, deep venous and supe...

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“…Produced lactate may subsequently act as a gluconeogenic precursor with resulting glucose released back into circulation. This form of glucose cycling was first hypothesized by Cori (1931) as a process of importance in the regulation of blood glucose. Owen et al (1969) proposed that Cori cycle activity may be important in fasting humans and glucose oxidation findings of Keith and Ortiz (1989;<2.5% of EGP) in elephant seals led them to suggest that the Cori cycle was the primary mechanism of recycling of radioactive carbon in fasting elephant seal pups.…”

Section: The Journal Of Experimental Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose production and substrate cycle activity in a fasting adapted animal, the northern elephant seal

Champagne

Houser

Crocker

2005

Journal of Experimental Biology

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During prolonged fasting physiological mechanisms defend lean tissue from catabolism. In the fasting state, glucose is derived solely from gluconeogenesis, requiring some catabolism of amino acids for gluconeogenic substrates. This creates a conflict in animals undergoing fasts concurrently with metabolically challenging activities. This study investigated glucose metabolism in fasting and developing neonatal elephant seals. Glucose production and glucose cycle activity were measured early (2 weeks) and late (6 weeks) in the postweaning fasting period. Additionally the role of regulatory hormones on glucose production and glucose cycle activity were investigated. Glucose cycle activity was highly variable throughout the study period, did not change over the fasting period, and was not correlated with insulin or glucagon level. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) was 2.80±0.65·mg·kg -1 ·min -1 early and 2.21±0.12 during late fasting. Insulin to glucagon molar ratio decreased while cortisol levels increased over the fast (t=5.27, 2.84; P=0.003, 0.04; respectively). There was no relationship between EGP and hormone levels. The glucose production values measured in this study were high and exceeded the estimated gluconeogenic substrate available. These data suggest extensive glucose recycling via Cori cycle activity occurring in northern elephant seals, and we propose a possible justification for this recycling.

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Mammalian Carbohydrate Metabolism

Cited by 301 publications

References 0 publications

Intracellular pH and distribution of weak acids across cell membranes. A study of D‐ and L‐lactate and of DMO in rat diaphragm.

Intracellular pH and distribution of weak acids across cell membranes. A study of D‐ and L‐lactate and of DMO in rat diaphragm.

Heterogeneity of Forearm Metabolism With Special Reference to Free Fatty Acids*

Glucose production and substrate cycle activity in a fasting adapted animal, the northern elephant seal

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