Mammalian Embryonic Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome Has Greater Apolipoprotein and Enzyme Pattern Complexity than the Avian Proteome

Parada, Carolina; Gato, Á.; Bueno, David

doi:10.1021/pr050213t

Cited by 62 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Many such signals have been found in fetal CSF (fCSF), indicating that fCSF is part of the neurogenic niche (Owen-Lynch et al, 2003;Gato et al, 2005;Miyan et al, 2006;Johanson et al, 2008Johanson et al, , 2011Gato and Desmond, 2009). Two proteomic analyses of fetal CSF of rats and humans have revealed numerous compounds that likely are cues for diff erent phases of neurogenesis (Parada et al, 2005;Zappaterra et al, 2007). Although the origin of most of these fCSF compounds is unknown, some are secreted by specialized regions of the VZ such as the choroid plexus (Zappaterra et al, 2007;Johanson et al, 2008) and subcommissural organ (Rodríguez et al, 1998;Montecinos et al, 2005, Vío et al, 2007.…”

Section: Alterations Of the Microenvironment Of The Neu-rogenic Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

“…NSCs can be obtained from fetal brain (Gage, 2000) and from regions of the adult brain such as the hippocampal subgranular zone/ dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (Rietze et al, 2001). Under certain culture medium conditions, NSCs grow to form "neurospheres" (Park et al, 2008). Neurospheres are able to generate neurons, astroglia and oligodendroglia (Fig.…”

Section: Grafting Of Stem Cells or Neurospheres Into The Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A cell junction pathology of neural stem cells leads to abnormal neurogenesis and hydrocephalus

et al. 2012

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Most cells of the developing mammalian brain derive from the ventricular (VZ) and the subventricular (SVZ) zones. The VZ is formed by the multipotent radial glia/neural stem cells (NSCs) while the SVZ harbors the rapidly proliferative neural precursor cells (NPCs). Evidence from human and animal models indicates that the common history of hydrocephalus and brain maldevelopment starts early in embryonic life with disruption of the VZ and SVZ. We propose that a "cell junction pathology" involving adherent and gap junctions is a fi nal common outcome of a wide range of gene mutations resulting in proteins abnormally expressed by the VZ cells undergoing disruption. Disruption of the VZ during fetal development implies the loss of NSCs whereas VZ disruption during the perinatal period implies the loss of ependyma. The process of disruption occurs in specifi c regions of the ventricular system and at specifi c stages of brain development. This explains why only certain brain structures have an abnormal development, which in turn results in a specifi c neurological impairment of the newborn. Disruption of the VZ of the Sylvian aqueduct (SA) leads to aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus, while disruption of the VZ of telencephalon impairs neurogenesis. We are currently investigating whether grafting of NSCs/neurospheres from normal rats into the CSF of hydrocephalic mutants helps to diminish/repair the outcomes of VZ disruption.

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Section: Alterations Of the Microenvironment Of The Neu-rogenic Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Grafting Of Stem Cells or Neurospheres Into The Csfmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cell junction pathology of neural stem cells leads to abnormal neurogenesis and hydrocephalus

et al. 2012

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“…A remarkable finding that may contribute to an understanding of E-CSF's overall effect on the neurogenesis of neuroepithelial precursors is the presence of retinol-binding protein (RBP) as well as all-trans retinol in both chick and rat E-CSF (Parada et al, 2005b(Parada et al, , 2008bParvas et al, 2008). According to the literature, in systems other than E-CSF, RBP specifically binds to all-trans retinol, a member of the retinoid family of molecules, which is enzymatically metabolised into retinoic acid (RA), a well-known morphogen that has crucial impact on CNS development McCaffery and Dräger, 2000; reviewed by Maden, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrospinal fluid control of neurogenesis induced by retinoic acid during early brain development

Alonso

Martín

Carnicero

et al. 2011

Developmental Dynamics

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Embryonic‐cerebrospinal fluid (E‐CSF) plays crucial roles in early brain development including the control of neurogenesis. Although FGF2 and lipoproteins present in the E‐CSF have previously been shown to be involved in neurogenesis, the main factor triggering this process remains unknown. E‐CSF contains all‐trans‐retinol and retinol‐binding protein involved in the synthesis of retinoic acid (RA), a neurogenesis inducer. In early chick embryo brain, only the mesencephalic‐rombencephalic isthmus (IsO) is able to synthesize RA. Here we show that in chick embryo brain development: (1) E‐CSF helps to control RA synthesis in the IsO by means of the RBP and all‐trans‐retinol it contains; (2) E‐CSF has retinoic acid activity, which suggests it may act as a diffusion pathway for RA; and (3) the influence of E‐CSF on embryonic brain neurogenesis is to a large extent due to its involvement in RA synthesis. These data help to understand neurogenesis from neural progenitor cells. Developmental Dynamics 240:1650–1659, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…Identification of different proteins during this time will enable further investigation into the function of the CSF and its potential role during brain development. In amniotes, some factors identified in eCSF (IGF2, FGF2, retinoic acid, and apolipoproteins) have a demonstrated role in neuroepithelial cell survival, proliferation and neurogenesis 13,17,20,23,27,28 . However, there appear to be hundreds of uncharacterized proteins in the eCSF, which was obtained after choroid plexus formation, later than the time-points demonstrated here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proteomic analyses of human, rat, mouse, and chick eCSF have identified many proteins that may be necessary for CSF function. These include extracellular matrix components, apolipoproteins, osmotic pressure regulating proteins, and proteins involved in cell death and proliferation [21][22][23][24] . However, the complex functions of the eCSF are largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manual Drainage of the Zebrafish Embryonic Brain Ventricles

Chang

Sive

2012

JoVE

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a protein rich fluid contained within the brain ventricles. It is present during early vertebrate embryonic development and persists throughout life. Adult CSF is thought to cushion the brain, remove waste, and carry secreted molecules 1,2 . In the adult and older embryo, the majority of CSF is made by the choroid plexus, a series of highly vascularized secretory regions located adjacent to the brain ventricles [3][4][5] . In zebrafish, the choroid plexus is fully formed at 144 hours post fertilization (hpf) 6 . Prior to this, in both zebrafish and other vertebrate embryos including mouse, a significant amount of embryonic CSF (eCSF) is present . These data and studies in chick suggest that the neuroepithelium is secretory early in development and may be the major source of eCSF prior to choroid plexus development 7 . eCSF contains about three times more protein than adult CSF, suggesting that it may have an important role during development 8,9 . Studies in chick and mouse demonstrate that secreted factors in the eCSF, fluid pressure, or a combination of these, are important for neurogenesis, gene expression, cell proliferation, and cell survival in the neuroepithelium [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . Proteomic analyses of human, rat, mouse, and chick eCSF have identified many proteins that may be necessary for CSF function. These include extracellular matrix components, apolipoproteins, osmotic pressure regulating proteins, and proteins involved in cell death and proliferation [21][22][23][24] . However, the complex functions of the eCSF are largely unknown.We have developed a method for removing eCSF from zebrafish brain ventricles, thus allowing for identification of eCSF components and for analysis of the eCSF requirement during development. Although more eCSF can be collected from other vertebrate systems with larger embryos, eCSF can be collected from the earliest stages of zebrafish development, and under genetic or environmental conditions that lead to abnormal brain ventricle volume or morphology. Removal and collection of eCSF allows for mass spectrometric analysis, investigation of eCSF function, and reintroduction of select factors into the ventricles to assay their function. Thus the accessibility of the early zebrafish embryo allows for detailed analysis of eCSF function during development. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Mammalian Embryonic Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome Has Greater Apolipoprotein and Enzyme Pattern Complexity than the Avian Proteome

Cited by 62 publications

References 75 publications

A cell junction pathology of neural stem cells leads to abnormal neurogenesis and hydrocephalus

A cell junction pathology of neural stem cells leads to abnormal neurogenesis and hydrocephalus

Cerebrospinal fluid control of neurogenesis induced by retinoic acid during early brain development

Manual Drainage of the Zebrafish Embryonic Brain Ventricles

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