Mammalian frontal diploic vein and the human foramen caecum

Thewissen, J. G. M.

doi:10.1002/ar.1092230217

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The taxon/character states matrix was analysed using heuristic parsimony searches implemented by PAUP* (Swofford 2002). Each heuristic parsimony search employed 1000 replicates of random taxon addition with TBR branch swapping, saving up to 10 trees.…”

Section: Parsimony Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each heuristic parsimony search employed 1000 replicates of random taxon addition with TBR branch swapping, saving up to 10 trees. The phylogenetic tree with morphological character state optimisations was generated by PAUP* (Swofford 2002) and Winclada v.1.00.08 (Nixon 2008). Polymorphic taxa were coded with multiple character state entries.…”

Section: Parsimony Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allqokirus australis (Sparassodonta, Metatheria) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia) and the rise of the metatherian carnivorous radiation in South America

et al. 2018

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The present paper describes a disarticulated skull of Allqokirus australis Marshall & Muizon, 1988, a basal sparassodont (Metatheria, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene (c. 65 Ma.) of Tiupampa (Bolivia). The specimen includes the rostrum and palate with right premaxilla, both maxillae, left lacrimal, palatines and most upper teeth. The second largest element includes the frontals, the left squamosal, the parietals, the supraoccipital, the basisphenoid, the presphenoid, the alisphenoid, and part of the pterygoids. The nasals, basioccipital and exoccipitals are missing. Other elements are the left petrosal, the right jugal and squamosal, and both dentaries. The elements of the specimen allow for a good reconstruction of the skull, which is thoroughly described and compared to that of other sparassodonts and to the Tiupampa pucadelphyids, Pucadelphys and Andinodelphys. The dental morphology of Allqokirus australis is extremely similar to that of Patene simpsoni from the early Eocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) and presents distinct (although incipient) carnivorous adaptations. Furthermore, some characters of the ear region (e.g. medial process of the squamosal, deep groove for the internal carotid artery at the ventral apex of the petrosal) are also present in most other sparassodonts and in the pucadelphyids from the same locality. A parsimony analysis performed on the basis of a data matrix of 364 characters and 38 taxa placed Allqokirus in a sparassodont clade (the Mayulestidae) that also included Mayulestes and Patene. This family constitutes the sister group of all other sparassodonts. Our analysis also retrieved a large clade composed of the sparassodonts and the pucadelphyids, formally named Pucadelphyda n. superord. This superorder represents the large metatherian carnivorous radiation of the Tertiary of South America, which is first known at Tiupampa, and which started to diversify probably slightly earlier, during the late Cretacous in South America. So far, no representative of Pucadelphyda has been discovered in North America. At Tiupampa, Allqokirus and Mayulestes are the largest metatherians of the fauna and they fill the predaceous mammalian ecological niche. They are the earliest representatives of Sparassodonta, a successful metatherian carnivorous radiation which persisted in South America until the late Pliocene, i.e., during more than 63 Ma.

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Section: Parsimony Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parsimony Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Allqokirus australis (Sparassodonta, Metatheria) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia) and the rise of the metatherian carnivorous radiation in South America

et al. 2018

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“…This foramen likely conveyed the frontal diploic vein, an emissary of the dorsal cerebral vein/dorsal sagittal sinus or a vein issued from the frontal diploe (Thewissen 1989; Evans & de Lahunta 2013; . This foramen is called supraorbital foramen by Novacek (1986) and Marshall & Muizon (1995), the frontal foramen by Evans & de Lahunta (2013), the foramen for the frontal diploic vein by Wible & Rougier (2000), Wible (2003), Wible et al (2009) and Wible (2011), and the frontal diploic foramen by Thewissen (1989). In this paper, we retain the terminology "frontal diploic foramen".…”

Section: Frontal (Figs 17-24)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial anatomy of Andinodelphys cochabambensis, a stem metatherian from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia

Muizon

Ladevèze

2020

Geodiversitas

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“…Specimens that presented a canal that was too incomplete are not described in the relevant section. For the identification and nomenclature of the selected intracranial canals, our study used previous work describing intracranial anatomy in cingulates and eutherians in general (Thewissen 1989;Wible, 1993;Gaudin, 2004;Wible & Gaudin 2004;Evans & de Lahunta, 2012;Muizon et al, 2015;Gaudin & Lyon, 2017). We have indicated for each selected region of interest: the variation of these regions during ontogeny, a synthetic comparison among specimens, and the formalization of potential discrete or continuous characters to highlight potential evolutionary scenarios to be mapped onto the tree of cingulates.…”

Section: Selected Regions Of Interest and Anatomical Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internally, the canal opens through one or more foramina located posteriorly to the annular ridge and near the midline without ever crossing it (Figure S4). This canal conveys the frontal diploic vein, an emissary of the dorsal cerebral vein/dorsal sagittal sinus or a vein issuing from the frontal diploë (Thewissen 1989;Wible & Gaudin, 2004;Evans & de Lahunta, 2012;Muizon et al, 2015).…”

Section: Frontal Diploic Vein Canalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic contribution of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in armadillos and glyptodonts (Xenarthra, Cingulata)

Verger

Ruiz

Billet

2021

Preprint

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The evolutionary history of the Cingulata, as for many groups, remains a highly debated topic to this day, particularly for one of their most emblematic representatives: the glyptodonts. There is no consensus among morphological and molecular phylogenies relative to their position within Cingulata. As demonstrated by recent works, the study of the internal anatomy constitutes a promising path for enriching morphological matrices for the phylogenetic study of armadillos. However, internal cranial anatomy remains under-studied in the Cingulata. Here we explored and compared the anatomy of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in a diverse sample of extant and extinct cingulates, including the earliest well-preserved glyptodont crania. The virtual 3D reconstruction (using X-ray microtomography) of selected canals, i.e., the nasolacrimal canal, the palatine canal, the sphenopalatine canal, the canal for the frontal diploic vein, the transverse canal, the orbitotemporal canal, the canal for the capsuloparietal emissary vein and the posttemporal canal, and alveolar cavities related to cranial vascularization, innervation or tooth insertion allowed us to compare the locations, trajectories and shape of these structures and to discuss their potential interest for cingulate systematics. We tentatively reconstructed evolutionary scenarios for eight selected traits on these structures, in which glyptodonts often showed a greater resemblance to pampatheres, to the genus Proeutatus and/or to chlamyphorines. This latter pattern was partly congruent with recent molecular hypotheses, but more research is needed on these resemblances and on the potential effects of development and allometry on the observed variations. Overall, these comparisons have enabled us to highlight new anatomical variation that may be of great interest to further explore the evolutionary history of cingulates and the origins of glyptodonts on a morphological basis.

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Mammalian frontal diploic vein and the human foramen caecum

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

Allqokirus australis (Sparassodonta, Metatheria) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia) and the rise of the metatherian carnivorous radiation in South America

Allqokirus australis (Sparassodonta, Metatheria) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia) and the rise of the metatherian carnivorous radiation in South America

Cranial anatomy of Andinodelphys cochabambensis, a stem metatherian from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia

Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic contribution of intracranial osseous canals and cavities in armadillos and glyptodonts (Xenarthra, Cingulata)

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