Mammalian meat allergy following a tick bite: a case report

Jackson, William L.

doi:10.1093/omcr/omx098

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…An IgE level that is greater than 0.35 kU/L is considered positive. 2 Skin prick allergy testing has been found to give false negative result. 2 Due to the delay in the presentation of symptoms, patients may not make the association of symptoms following the consuming red meat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpha-gal Allergy in a 6-Year-Old Male: A Case Report

Kinoshita¹,

Newton²

2019

J Nepal Med Assoc

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Alpha-gal allergy is a reaction where the immunoglobulin E antibody elicits a response to galactosealpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) which is a mammalian oligosaccharide epitope found in nonprimate mammalian. After being exposed to a tick bite, particularly the Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum), an individual has been known to develop an alpha-gal allergy. Our patient presented with symptoms of delayed-onset allergy 3-8 hours after consuming mammalian meat products including beef and pork. These symptoms can include, but not limited to, the following: urticaria, angioedema, anaphylaxis, nausea, diarrhea, indigestion. Since symptoms do not present immediately, a delay in diagnosis can occur. Our patient highlights one of the few reported childhood cases with an alpha-gal allergy. We recommend a careful history, in particular, asking if the patient has a past history of tick bites and the appearance of allergy symptoms following beef or pork consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Skin prick allergy testing has been found to give false negative result. 2 Due to the delay in the presentation of symptoms, patients may not make the association of symptoms following the consuming red meat. From a clinical perspective, a red meat allergy has not been readily associated with a past tick bite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-gal Allergy in a 6-Year-Old Male: A Case Report

Kinoshita¹,

Newton²

2019

J Nepal Med Assoc

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“…In fact, a growing body of literature suggests that bites from the lone-star tick ( Am. americanum ) are causing α-gal syndrome 5,7,8,32 . It remained unknown whether bites from Am.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the link between alpha-gal-containing antigens in North American ticks and red meat allergy

Crispell

Sp²,

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Development of specific IgE antibodies to the oligosaccharide galactose-α-1, 3galactose (α-gal) following tick bites has been shown to be the source of red meat allergy. In this study, we investigated the presence of α -gal in four tick species: the lonestar tick (Amblyomma americanum), the Gulf-Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum), the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis), and the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) by using a combination of immunoproteome, carbohydrate analysis, and basophil activation approaches. Using anti-α-gal antibodies, α -gal was identified in the salivary glands of both Am. americanum and Ix. scapularis, while Am. maculatum and De. variabilis appeared to lack the sugar. PNGase F treatment confirmed the deglycosylation of N-linked α -gal-containing proteins in tick salivary glands. Immunolocalization of α -gal moieties to the salivary secretory vesicles of the salivary acini also confirmed the secretory nature of α -gal-containing antigens in ticks. Am. americanum ticks were fed human blood (lacks α -gal) using an artificial membrane feeding system to determine the source of α -gal. N-linked glycan analysis revealed that Am. americanum and Ix. scapularis have α -gal in their saliva and salivary glands, but Am. maculatum contains no detectable quantity. Salivary samples from Am. americanum and Ix. scapularis stimulated activation of basophils primed with plasma from α -gal allergic subjects. Together, our data support the idea that bites from certain tick species may specifically create a risk for the development of α -gal-specific IgE and hypersensitivity reactions in humans. Alpha-Gal syndrome challenges the current food allergy paradigm and broadens opportunities for future research.

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“…Some of the typical symptoms associated with the alpha-gal syndrome include urticarial or anaphylactic reactions that are generally manifested a few hours after eating red meat, including pork, lamb, beef, or kangaroo. In the USA, the lone star tick (A. americanum) has been often associated with reports of delayed urticaria angioedema, a painful and pruritic urticarial rash, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and sore throat [125,126]. The bite of the Asian longhorned tick (H. longicornis), which was recently identified in the USA, is the most probable cause of red meat allergy in Japan [127].…”

Section: Tick Bite-associated Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging tick-borne pathogens of public health importance: a mini-review

Rochlin

Toledo

2020

Journal of Medical Microbiology

225

130

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Ticks are the most important vectors of human pathogens, leading to increased public health burdens worldwide. Tick-borne pathogens include viruses (e.g. tick-borne encephalitis and Powassan); bacteria, such as the causative agents of Lyme disease, spotted fever rickettsiosis and human anaplasmosis; and malaria-like protozoan parasites causing babesiosis. Tick-borne diseases are emerging due to the geographical expansion of their tick vectors, especially in the northern hemisphere. Two examples of this phenomenon are Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum, which have expanded their ranges in the USA in recent decades and are responsible for the continuous emergence of Lyme disease and human ehrlichiosis, respectively. This phenomenon is also occurring worldwide and is reflected by the increasing number of tick-borne encephalitis and haemorrhagic fever cases in Europe and Asia. In this review, we provide a concise synopsis of the most medically important tick-borne pathogen worldwide, with a particular emphasis on emerging public health threats.

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Mammalian meat allergy following a tick bite: a case report

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Alpha-gal Allergy in a 6-Year-Old Male: A Case Report

Alpha-gal Allergy in a 6-Year-Old Male: A Case Report

Determining the link between alpha-gal-containing antigens in North American ticks and red meat allergy

Emerging tick-borne pathogens of public health importance: a mini-review

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