Mammalian pituitary growth hormone: Applications of free flow electrophoresis

Hymer, Wesley C.; Kirshnan, Krishnaswamy; Kraemer, William J.; Welsch, Jill R.; Lanham, Wayne

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(20000101)21:2<311::aid-elps311>3.0.co;2-8

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Concentrations of bGH in plasma samples were determined by the method of Greenspan and Li (18) exactly as reported by our group in several recent studies (22,23,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Female SpragueDawley rats (Hilltop Labs, Scottsdale, PA), hypophysectomized at 26 -28 days of age, were used 2 wk after surgery.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoreactive and bioactive growth hormone responses to resistance exercise in men who are lean or obese

Thomas

Kraemer

Kennett

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The present study was designed to examine the effects of a highvolume, whole body acute resistance exercise (RE) protocol on immunoreactive GH (iGH), bioactive GH (bGH), and GH-binding protein (GHBP) in sedentary lean and obese men. Nine obese (mean Ϯ SD: 20.8 Ϯ 2.1 yr old, 177.0 Ϯ 4.1 cm height, 108.7 Ϯ 15.9 kg body mass, 37.6 Ϯ 5.29% body fat) and nine lean (20.1 Ϯ 2.1 yr old, 177.8 Ϯ 8.7 cm height, 71.7 Ϯ 5.8 kg body mass, 14.7 Ϯ 3.54% body fat) men completed an acute RE protocol (6 exercises, 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 85-95% of 10 repetitions maximum with 120-and 90-s rest periods), and blood samples were collected before, at the midpoint, and immediately after exercise and during recovery (ϩ50, ϩ70, and ϩ110). In contrast to prior studies, which examined acute responses to cardiovascular exercise protocols, groups did not differ in iGH response to the exercise stimulus. However, bGH concentrations overall were significantly lower in the obese than the lean participants (P Ͻ 0.001). Additionally, obese individuals had significantly higher GHBP concentrations (P Ͻ 0.001). Results suggest that obese and lean sedentary men performing a high-volume, whole body acute RE protocol demonstrate similar increases in iGH. Blunted bGH and elevated GHBP concentrations are indicative of altered GH activity associated with obesity. Prior research findings of blunted iGH response may be attributable to RE protocols not equated on relative intensity or volume. These results underscore the complexity of pituitary biology and its related mechanisms and may have implications for exercise prescription in the treatment of obesity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoreactive and bioactive growth hormone responses to resistance exercise in men who are lean or obese

Thomas

Kraemer

Kennett

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Nevertheless, several publications deal with the optimization of the electrophoretic conditions in both FFE modes using selected model proteins 10, 44–52. A few ZE protocols for the separation of individual proteins or even peptides from differing cellular sources have been published 53–68. Yet, due to the band broadening effects during the migration process, they are not suitable for experiments, which, as it is common for the most proteomics applications, require high‐resolution of a bulk of protein species in parallel.…”

Section: Separation Of Proteins and Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free‐flow electrophoresis in the proteomic era: A technique in flux

2010

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Since its introduction five decades ago, free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) has been mainly employed for the isolation and fractionation of cells, cell organelles and protein mixtures. In the meantime, the growing interest in the proteome of these bio-particles and biopolymers has shed light on two further facets in the potential of FFE, namely its applicability as an analytical tool and sensor. This review is intended to outline recent innovations, FFE has gained in the proteomic era, and to point out the valuable contributions it has made to the analysis of the proteome of cells, sub-cellular organelles and functional protein networks.

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“…Separation techniques for the microdevices used in such applications typically include capillary electrophoresis (CE) [1][2][3][4][5], synchronized cyclic electrophoresis (SCE) [6], free-flow electrophoresis [7,8], gel electrophoresis [9,10], and electroosmotic flow [11][12][13][14]. These techniques exploit the fact that dielectric particles move in the opposite direction to an applied electrical potential under the influence of the resulting electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐voltage driven control in electrophoresis microchips by traveling electric field

Yang

2003

Electrophoresis

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This paper presents the use of a physical model and numerical simulation in the investigation of traveling electric fields on capillary electrophoresis (CE) chips. The principal material transport mechanisms of electrokinetic migration, ionic concentration, fluid flow, and diffusion are all taken into consideration. Traditionally, the high electric field strength required for the separation of biological samples by microfluidic devices has involved the application of high external voltages. In contrast, this study presents a proposal for samples separation by means of a moving electric field within a low voltage-driven CE chip. Under this proposal, the separation channel is partitioned into a series of smaller separation zones by means of electrode pairs. This paper considers two different electrode configurations, namely arranged along a single side of the separation channel, and arranged on two sides of the separation channel. The quality of the separation achieved with these two configurations is then compared with the traditional straight separation channel approach. The results confirm that the proposed method is successful in maintaining an adequate field strength for separation purposes in a low-voltage driven CE chip. Furthermore, it is determined that the best separation results are obtained using electrodes arranged along both sides of the separation channel.

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Mammalian pituitary growth hormone: Applications of free flow electrophoresis

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Immunoreactive and bioactive growth hormone responses to resistance exercise in men who are lean or obese

Immunoreactive and bioactive growth hormone responses to resistance exercise in men who are lean or obese

Free‐flow electrophoresis in the proteomic era: A technique in flux

Low‐voltage driven control in electrophoresis microchips by traveling electric field

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