2009
DOI: 10.1002/iub.230
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Mammalian polyamine metabolism and function

Abstract: SummaryPolyamines are ubiquitous small basic molecules that play multiple essential roles in mammalian physiology. Their cellular content is highly regulated and there is convincing evidence that altered metabolism is involvement in many disease states. Drugs altering polyamine levels may therefore have a variety of important targets. This review will summarize the current state of understanding of polyamine metabolism and function, the regulation of polyamine content, and heritable pathological conditions tha… Show more

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Cited by 658 publications
(665 citation statements)
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References 142 publications
(180 reference statements)
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“…The function of spermine and spermidine in SRS disease etiology is not yet fully elucidated, but it might be speculated that the altered spermine/spermidine ratio may severely affect the balance between excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms and result in cerebral dysfunction such as epilepsy. Spermine and spermidine regulate brain glutamate receptors including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptors that are involved in excitatory synaptic transmission (Pegg 2009;Igarashi and Kashiwagi 2010). Spermine activates the endogenous phosphorylation and function of the GABA A receptor (SidAhmed-Mezi et al 2010).…”
Section: N 8 -Acetylspermidine As a Novel Potential Biomarker For Snymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The function of spermine and spermidine in SRS disease etiology is not yet fully elucidated, but it might be speculated that the altered spermine/spermidine ratio may severely affect the balance between excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms and result in cerebral dysfunction such as epilepsy. Spermine and spermidine regulate brain glutamate receptors including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptors that are involved in excitatory synaptic transmission (Pegg 2009;Igarashi and Kashiwagi 2010). Spermine activates the endogenous phosphorylation and function of the GABA A receptor (SidAhmed-Mezi et al 2010).…”
Section: N 8 -Acetylspermidine As a Novel Potential Biomarker For Snymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…23 The levels of the polyamines are tightly regulated at the level of synthesis, uptake, degradation and secretion. 29 The two rate-limiting enzymes in their synthesis are ODC1 and AMD1. ODC1 (ornithine decarboxylase) decarboxylates ornithine to putrescine, which is converted into the higher order polyamines, spermidine and spermine.…”
Section: A Role For Polyamine Regulators In Esc Self-renewalmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The levels of dcAdoMet are generally significantly lower than the levels of AdoMet, and, once produced, it is directed to the polyamine synthesis pathway. 29 Increased dcAdoMet will enable higher levels of spermine and spermidine to be produced, both of which impact on a variety of biological processes. Increased spermidine also promotes the levels of the modified amino acid hypusine that is present in the translation factor EIF5A and is required for its function.…”
Section: A Role For Polyamine Regulators In Esc Self-renewalmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Within mammalian cells, spermidine is generated from its precursor putrescine (which itself is generated from ornithine) or by oxidative degradation of spermine [2,3,28]. The net cytosolic spermidine content further depends on its catabolism, which is mainly driven by acetylation and subsequent oxidation [2931], but also on its uptake from the extracellular space and its excretion by the cell.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%