Mammalian Stem Cells

Terskikh, Alexey V.; Bryant, Peter J.; Schwartz, Philip H.

doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000205154.86517.2a

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…When ES cells are cultured in vitro, they have the ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types dependent upon the culture conditions employed [1,2]. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) give rise to the mammalian gametes, oocytes and sperm, and are separated from somatic cell lineages early on in embryonic development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The promoter of the oocyte-specific gene, Gdf9, is active in population of cultured mouse embryonic stem cells with an oocyte-like phenotype

Salvador

Silva

Kostetskii

et al. 2008

Methods

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The study of germ cell-specific gene regulation in vitro is challenging. Here we report that the promoter of the oocyte-specific gene, Gdf9, is active in a population of cultured murine embryonic stem cells (ES) which have a phenotype resembling ooocytes. The promoter region of the murine Gdf9 coupled to enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was stably transfected into XX mouse ES cells. eGFP was expressed only in oocytes of chimeric mice generated from the transfected XX ES cells. The transfected ES cells were examined when cultured on feeder layers or as embryoid bodies. Large eGFP-positive cells, surrounded by a structure resembling a zona pellucida appeared transiently in cultures of the ES cells on feeder layers. Surprisingly, they were detectable on days 1 and 2 of culture but virtually absent on day 3. Addition of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to the media significantly increased the number of eGFP-positive cels resembling oocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated a parallel increase in Gdf9 and Zp3 mRNA with changes in the abundance of eGFP-positive cells. In embryoid body cultures, eGFP-positive cells appeared transiently and then re-appeared in regional clusters after 30−45 days of culture. These findings demonstrate that a population of cultured murine ES cells contain the transcriptional machinery to drive expression of an oocyte-specific gene, and that those cells phenotypically resemble oocytes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The promoter of the oocyte-specific gene, Gdf9, is active in population of cultured mouse embryonic stem cells with an oocyte-like phenotype

Salvador

Silva

Kostetskii

et al. 2008

Methods

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“…Through variations in growth factors, they can be specifically differentiated . 9,10,11 Ethically, the use of human embryonic cells is a highly contentious matter, because harvesting them requires the destruction of human embryos early in development. Up to now, only isolated studies on animal embryonic stem cells have been conducted .…”

Section: Difference Between the Adult Stem Cells And Embroyonic Stem mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cells Nurturing Our Today and Tommorrow

Malik¹,

Sehravat²,

Singh³

et al. 2014

IOSRJDMS

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“…Most current lines of human PSCs have been obtained from the inner cell mass (ICM) of supernumerary embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF [114]). In this procedure, eggs are harvested from a woman after she has been treated with follicular hormones to stimulate the ovaries.…”

Section: A Human Pluripotent Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differentiation of ePSCs down the neural lineage, in fact, was one of the earliest described potentials of the PSC. Given the two basic properties of the PSC, therefore, an entirely new line of research has emerged: the use of the PSC to generate a replenishable population of neural cells not only for transplantation but also as a tool for drug and small-molecule reagent discovery and for furthering our understanding of the development of the nervous system in health and disease [114].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of neural lineage cells from human pluripotent stem cells

Schwartz

Brick

Stover

et al. 2008

Methods

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Human pluripotent stem cells have the unique properties of being able to proliferate indefinitely in their undifferentiated state and to differentiate into any somatic cell type. These cells are thus posited to be extremely useful for furthering our understanding of both normal and abnormal human development, providing a human cell preparation that can be used to screen for new reagents or therapeutic agents, and generating large numbers of differentiated cells that can be used for transplantation purposes. Critical among the applications for the latter are diseases and injuries of the nervous system, medical approaches to which have been, to date, primarily palliative in nature. Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into cells of the neural lineage, therefore, has become a central focus of a number of laboratories. This has resulted in the description in the literature of several dozen methods for neural cell differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells. Among these are methods for the generation of such divergent neural cells as dopaminergic neurons, retinal neurons, ventral motoneurons, and oligodendroglial progenitors. In this review, we attempt to fully describe most of these methods, breaking them down into five basic subdivisions: 1) starting material, 2) induction of loss of pluripotency, 3) neural induction, 4) neural maintenance and expansion, and 5) neuronal/glial differentiation. We also show data supporting the concept that undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells appear to have an innate neural differentiation potential. In addition, we evaluate data comparing and contrasting neural stem cells differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells with those derived directly from the human brain.

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Mammalian Stem Cells

Cited by 19 publications

References 121 publications

The promoter of the oocyte-specific gene, Gdf9, is active in population of cultured mouse embryonic stem cells with an oocyte-like phenotype

The promoter of the oocyte-specific gene, Gdf9, is active in population of cultured mouse embryonic stem cells with an oocyte-like phenotype

Stem Cells Nurturing Our Today and Tommorrow

Differentiation of neural lineage cells from human pluripotent stem cells

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