Mammary developmental fate and breast cancer risk

Medina, Daniel

doi:10.1677/erc.1.00804

Cited by 108 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Both oestrogen and progesterone are important hormones in mammary development in humans stimulating cell growth, proliferation and differentiation (Barron et al, 1997;Humphreys et al, 1997;Anderson, 2002). Moreover, both hormones have been demonstrated to promote breast tumorigenesis (Medina, 2005;Montero Girard et al, 2007). It is conceivable that BORIS may stimulate production of both PR and ER, which in turn may support tumour progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BORIS, a paralogue of the transcription factor, CTCF, is aberrantly expressed in breast tumours

et al. 2008

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BORIS (for brother of the regulator of imprinted sites), a paralogue of the transcription factor, CTCF, is a novel member of the cancer-testis antigen family. The aims of the present study were as follows: (1) to investigate BORIS expression in breast cells and tumours using immunohistochemical staining, western and real-time RT -PCR analyses and (2) assess potential correlation between BORIS levels in tumours with clinical/pathological parameters. BORIS was detected in all 18 inspected breast cell lines, but not in a primary normal breast cell culture. In 70.7% (41 of 58 cases) BORIS was observed in breast tumours. High levels of BORIS correlated with high levels of progesterone receptor (PR) and oestrogen receptor (ER). The link between BORIS and PR/ER was further confirmed by the ability of BORIS to activate the promoters of the PR and ER genes in the reporter assays. Detection of BORIS in a high proportion of breast cancer patients implies potential practical applications of BORIS as a molecular biomarker of breast cancer. This may be important for diagnosis of the condition and for the therapeutic use of BORIS. The ability of BORIS to activate promoters of the RP and ER genes points towards possible involvement of BORIS in the establishment, progression and maintenance of breast tumours.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BORIS, a paralogue of the transcription factor, CTCF, is aberrantly expressed in breast tumours

et al. 2008

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“…The explanation for the protective effect of a first pregnancy and the inverse relationship of this protection with the age at which the pregnancy occurs remains speculative. The hypothesis most commonly invoked is that irreversible molecular changes (driven by hormonal exposures) to the breast that prevent tumour initiation (Medina, 2005) must occur early in life to precede the initial stage of breast carcinogenesis, and that most of these changes occur with the first pregnancy. An alternative explanation, however, is that the operative hormonal influences may be different in first pregnancies, particularly those occurring at young ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal, prenatal and perinatal characteristics and first trimester maternal serum hormone concentrations

Troisi

Thadhani

et al. 2008

Br J Cancer

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In uncomplicated pregnancies, first trimester androgen, oestrogen and prolactin concentrations were higher in nulliparous (n ¼ 160) than parous (n ¼ 260) mothers. Androgens and estrogens were higher in younger than older mothers. These data are consistent with elevated hormone concentrations mediating the breast cancer protection from a first pregnancy and pregnancies occurring at younger ages. There are few opportunities to directly evaluate the hypothesis that the pregnancy hormonal milieu influences cancer risk in the mother and offspring. Investigations have instead used proxies to reflect the endocrine environment such as birth weight which is associated with a modestly elevated breast cancer risk in the daughter (Michels and Xue, 2006). Whereas age at first and last pregnancy and parity are established maternal breast cancer risk factors (National Cancer Institute, 2003), associations have been less consistent for other pregnancy characteristics with regard to the mother (Cnattingius et al, 2005) and offspring (Potischman et al, 2004).The few studies on hormone variations by maternal and pregnancy characteristics have focused on maternal measures in mid-or late pregnancy, primarily estrogens. Because the timing of carcinogenic events is unknown, characterising hormones over the entire pregnancy may provide additional insights into the biological mechanisms for maternal and perinatal breast cancer risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODSData derived from an obstetrical study at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston, Massachusetts that began in 1998 (Thadhani et al, 2001). Women were recruited at their first prenatal visit (ranging from 6.4 to 19.9 weeks gestation (median 11) with over 90% in the first 13 weeks), interviewed, and asked to provide a blood sample. Participants gave informed consent and the study was approved by the MGH Institutional Review Board. The study sample, described previously (Potischman et al, 2005), includes 109 Hispanic, 56 African American and 255Caucasian women 18 -42 years of age (median 29.6), who delivered a live, singleton birth in an uncomplicated pregnancy. A total of 38% of the women were nulliparous. Laboratory assaysSample handling, storage and assays were described previously (Potischman et al, 2005). Intra-class correlation coefficients from repeated measures of blind quality control samples were 97% for oestradiol, 92% for SHBG, 90% for oestrone, 85% for androstenedione, 76% for prolactin, 76% for testosterone, 60% for progesterone and o50% for DHEAS. Hormone medians and ranges have been published (Potischman et al, 2005). Statistical methodsSpearman correlation coefficients were calculated using continuous data. All pregnancy factors associated with the hormones in unadjusted analyses were entered with gestational age at blood collection (excluding pregnancies with 14 þ weeks' gestation) into linear regression models with logarithm-transformed hormones as dependent variables. Exponentiated b estimates (À1.0) from these models are presented for factors which r...

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“…Additionally, cancer researchers have shown that patterns of development such as early puberty or delayed menopause can be linked to mammary cancer (Hilakivi-Clarke et al, 2002;Kelsey, 1989;Medina, 2005;Moolgavkar, Day, & Stevens, 1980;Pike, Spicer, Dahmoush, & Press, 1993). Here we use a well-established animal model of social isolation to assess the effects of isolation on patterns of ovarian development in order to establish a specific mechanism through which loneliness leads to morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and the timing of mammary gland development, gonadarche, and ovarian senescence: Implications for mammary tumor burden

Hermes

McClintock

2008

Developmental Psychobiology

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In this study of Norway rats, we hypothesized that lifelong psychosocial experiences, social isolation or group living, trigger different developmental trajectories in the ovarian system, contributing to predisease pathways for spontaneous mammary tumors. Epidemiological studies indicate that early puberty and delayed menopause are risk factors for breast cancer. To that end, we took a cross-sectional, prospective approach and examined the ovarian system at two developmental points, young adulthood and middle age. We assessed ovarian function at both points, as well as mammary gland development at puberty and mammary tumor burden in middle age. Social isolation dissociated two components of puberty; it accelerated maturation of ovarian function while it simultaneously delayed mammary tissue development thereby increasing the exposure of developing breast parenchyma to high levels of estrogen. By mid-life, socially isolated rats had greater tumor burden despite having entered estropause prematurely, demonstrating that isolation did not increase tumorigenesis by prolonging ovarian function. These findings are discussed in the context of facultative lifespan strategies for rats born at different times of year and those living in isolation or in a large burrow community. ß 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 353-360, 2008.

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Mammary developmental fate and breast cancer risk

Cited by 108 publications

References 67 publications

BORIS, a paralogue of the transcription factor, CTCF, is aberrantly expressed in breast tumours

BORIS, a paralogue of the transcription factor, CTCF, is aberrantly expressed in breast tumours

Maternal, prenatal and perinatal characteristics and first trimester maternal serum hormone concentrations

Isolation and the timing of mammary gland development, gonadarche, and ovarian senescence: Implications for mammary tumor burden

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