Mammogenic and Lactogenic Effects of Leaf Extract and Fractions of Launaea taraxacifolia and Resveratrol in Lactating Wistar Rats

Abstract

One of the major food problems in Nigeria is the gross deficiency in protein intake, both in quantity and quality. The low protein intake has been responsible for reduced human productivity with high incidence of infant mortality, severe malnutrition and general weakening of human body which pre-dispose people to diseases, low health status, and shorter lifespan. 1 For instance, the average consumption of animal protein per day is lower than the minimum 35 grams recommended (from animal sources) by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for daily maintenance of the health of the population. 2 The country-specific analysis of FAO data for 1988-1990 also found that Nigeria was among the countries whose fat-to-energy ratio (FER) fell below the minimum recommendation of 15% dietary energy supply from animal fat. 3 Dairy production is one of the most important agricultural industries in Nigeria and total milk production in Nigeria is 243, 423 tons, while cow milk accounted for 98 percent of this production. 4 Even though milk production per cow has increased in the last ten years in Nigeria,

Acute, sub-acute, sub-chronic and chronic toxicity studies of four important Nigerian ethnomedicinal plants in rats

“…Nonetheless, routine LD 50 determination is still useful since only a fraction of the LD 50 is used for therapeutic evaluation. This is the reason why several authors have reported earlier that compounds with LD 50 of 5000 mg/kg is acutely safe [19,20,34] and the recommendation by the WHO that such compounds can be used for therapeutic studies [35]. Furthermore, we observed that intermediate and prolonged administrations for 2 and 12-14 weeks, respectively, are associated with lethal cellular injuries in the form of necrosis and fibrosis.…”

Alkaloids from Marrubium vulgare L.: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities as a Function of Extraction Methods

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that organic solvents with varying polarities, including ethanol, n-butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and petroleum, effectively retain alkaloids. [62][63][64][65][66] As most alkaloids have medium polarity, 29 solvents like ethanol (used in the soxhlet method) and acidic ethyl acetate solution (used in the maceration B method) are ideal for extracting alkaloids, penetrating deeper and releasing more extractable compounds. This explains the higher yields obtained for soxhlet and maceration B methods, which may also explain the low values obtained by maceration A and refluxing methods, since a high polarity organic solvent as methanol was applied.…”