Mammographic compression: a force to be reckoned with

doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6690863

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study investigating this issue. In this pilot study, we found no evidence of tumor cell shedding to the peripheral blood, as opposed to a substantial number of animal studies [9–12], surgery shedding studies [4–8], and opinions expressed in letters of concern [1–3] regarding tumor cell shedding following manipulation of the primary tumor. The presence of ≥1 CTC in 17 % of our subjects is close to the span of other studies (using different volumes of blood) of primary breast cancer patients (19–31 %) [15, 18, 20, 22, 31].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…For these reasons, the breast is compressed as much as reasonably possible to a level just below the patient’s pain threshold or up to the maximum setting of the machine (generally 200 N). It has long been discussed whether this applied pressure may damage a tumor, resulting in shedding of malignant cells into the circulatory system and whether this in turn will affect the prognosis [1–3]. Several publications have stressed the need for caution in cancer surgery, emphasizing the importance of minimizing tumor manipulation to avoid dissemination of malignant cells [4–8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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No evidence for shedding of circulating tumor cells to the peripheral venous blood as a result of mammographic breast compression

Förnvik

Andersson

Dustler

et al. 2013

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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This pilot study aimed to investigate whether mammographic compression procedures might cause shedding of tumor cells into the circulatory system as reflected by circulating tumor cell (CTC) count in peripheral venous blood samples. From March to October 2012, 24 subjects with strong suspicion of breast malignancy were included in the study. Peripheral blood samples were acquired before and after mammography. Enumeration of CTCs in the blood samples was performed using the CellSearch® system. The pressure distribution over the tumor-containing breast was measured using thin pressure sensors. The median age was 66.5 years (range, 51–87 years). In 22 of the 24 subjects, breast cancer was subsequently confirmed. The difference between the average mean tumor pressure 6.8 ± 5.3 kPa (range, 1.0–22.5 kPa) and the average mean breast pressure 3.4 ± 1.6 kPa (range, 1.5–7.1 kPa) was statistically significant (p < 0.001), confirming that there was increased pressure over the tumor. The median pathological tumor size was 19 mm (range, 9–30 mm). Four subjects (17 %) were CTC positive before compression and two of these (8 %) were also CTC positive after compression. A total of seven CTCs were isolated with a mean size of 8 × 6 μm2 (range of the longest diameter, 5–12 μm). The study supports the view that mammography is a safe procedure from the point of view of tumor cell shedding to the peripheral blood.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence for shedding of circulating tumor cells to the peripheral venous blood as a result of mammographic breast compression

Förnvik

Andersson

Dustler

et al. 2013

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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Growing concern following compression mammography

et al. 2016

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A patient without clinical symptoms had a mammogram in October 2008. The procedure caused intense persistent pain, swelling and development of a haematoma following mediolateral left breast compression. Three months later, a 9×11 cm mass developed within the same region. Core biopsies showed a necrotizing high-grade ductal carcinoma, with a high mitotic index. Owing to its extensive size, the patient began chemotherapy followed by trastuzumab and later radiotherapy to obtain clear margins for a subsequent mastectomy. The mastectomy in October 2009 revealed an inflammatory carcinoma, with 2 of 3 nodes infiltrated by the tumour. The stage IIIC tumour, oestrogen and progesterone receptor negative, was highly HER2 positive. A recurrence led to further chemotherapy in February 2011. In July 2011, another recurrence was removed from the mastectomy scar. She died of progressive disease in 2012. In this article, we discuss the potential influence of compression on the natural history of the tumour.

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Tenascin C and Cathepsin D Expression in Adipocytic Tumors: An Immunohistochemical Investigation of 43 Cases

Sis

Tuna²,

Yörükoğlu³

et al. 2004

Int J Surg Pathol

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Cathepsin D (CatD) and tenascin C (Tn-C) have been implicated in invasion and metastasis of carcinomas. However, little is known about CatD and Tn-C distribution in mesenchymal tumors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression of Tn-C and CatD in adipocytic tumors. Tn-C and CatD expressions in 27 lipomas, 5 atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcomas (ALT/WDLS) and 11 liposarcomas (LS) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and scored semiquantitatively. CatD expression was higher in ALT/WDLS than in lipomas (p<0.001), and higher in LS than in ALT/WDLS (p=0.009). Stromal Tn-C expression was higher in ALT/WDLS than in lipomas (p=0.02), but no difference was observed between ALT/WDLS and LS (p>0.05). These results indicate that Tn-C and CatD may be markers of locally aggressive or malignant behavior in adipocytic tumors.

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Mammographic compression: a force to be reckoned with

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

No evidence for shedding of circulating tumor cells to the peripheral venous blood as a result of mammographic breast compression

No evidence for shedding of circulating tumor cells to the peripheral venous blood as a result of mammographic breast compression

Growing concern following compression mammography

Tenascin C and Cathepsin D Expression in Adipocytic Tumors: An Immunohistochemical Investigation of 43 Cases

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