Man as a Factor of Soil Formation

Bidwell, O. W.; Hole, Frank

doi:10.1097/00010694-196501000-00011

Cited by 78 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…In the 1960s, however, soil scientists increasingly brought the human factor within the scope of pedology. Cline () in his review of the future of pedology explicitly challenged his soil science colleagues about how intensifying land use “…magnifies man and his activities as factors of soil formation and demands (pedological) recognition of his work.” Jackman () wrote about “effects of man on soils” in a paper on New Zealand pasture and soil improvement, and Jacks () conceived of the human soil‐forming factor in terms of soil fertility in a paper entitled, “Man: the fertility maker.” Bidwell and Hole () systematically explored how human activities affected all five state factors in the clorpt equation. Thus, human action altered climate by altering temperature and moisture; organisms by altering depths of rooting and pedoturbation, and reorganizing and even extinguishing plants and animals; relief and parent materials by physical mixing, resorting, and rearranging enormous volumes of mineral and organic materials and their landforms in cultivated fields, riparian zones, cities and suburbs, roadways, industrial areas, mine lands, and war zones; and time by accelerating the pace of soil change and evolution.…”

Section: Transitioning From Pedology To Anthropedologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Game Changer in Soil Science. The Anthropocene in soil science and pedology.

Richter

2019

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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The venerable science of pedology, initiated in the 19th century as the study of the natural factors of soil formation, is adapting to the demands of the Anthropocene, the geologic time during which planet Earth and its soils are transitioning from natural to human‐natural systems. With vast areas of soils intensively managed, the future of pedology lies with a renewed science that can be called anthropedology that builds on the pedology of the past but proceeds from “human as outsider” to “human as insider.” In other words, the human in pedology must shift from being a soil‐disturbing to soil‐forming agent. Pedology is well prepared to respond to the challenges of the Anthropocene, given the decades of research on human‐soil relations throughout human history and throughout the period of the Great Acceleration (Steffen et al., [76]). However, quantitative understanding of soil responses to the diversity of human forcings remains elementary and needs remedy.

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Section: Transitioning From Pedology To Anthropedologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Game Changer in Soil Science. The Anthropocene in soil science and pedology.

Richter

2019

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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“…The mantle/Entisol exhibits an "^A^ -"^C^ horizonation with "anthrosolization" (Bockheim and Gennadiyev, 2000) or "anthropedogenesis" (Bidwell and Hole, 1965) as dominant sou-forming processes. The buried Alfisol, on the other hand, show a truncated B|.…”

Section: Human-altered and Human-transported Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-Altered and Human-Transported Soils in an Italian Industrial District

Capra

Vacca

Cabula

et al. 2012

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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In many Mediterranean regions industrial activities have drastically affected soil evolution. As a case study, reference is made to an important Chemical Industrial District of southern Italy (Sardinia). Its setting up and development resulted in the formation of human-altered and human-transported (HAHT) soils, largely through physical-mechanical excavation, transportation and rolling out the original soils (Palexeralfs, Haploxeralfs), as well as mixing and covering them with innocuous artifacts referred to as human-transported materials (HTM). On this basis, research began with a view to evaluating the anthropogenic processes in addition to the main morphological and physical-chemical characteristics of HAHT soils as compared with reference soils (RefS), their pedovariability and the classification of HAHT soils through Soil Taxonomy. The anthro-pedoturbation induced by mixing HTM to preexisting-presently buried-soils has dramatically disturbed the "natural" pedogenetic evolution, and driven the pro-isotropic processes leading the HAHT soils to much more simplified morphology and homogenization of chemical-physical features, with an impressive loss of pedovariability. They currently meet the requirements for a "mantle" classifiable as Alfic Xerarents, as an expression of the "entisolization" that induced a taxonomic shift from Alfisols to anthropogenic Entisols

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“…With natural soil bodies becoming the parent material for human-altered soil systems (Yaalon and Yaron, 1966), all soil disciplines need to more fully integrate humanity within the concept of soil and soil change (Bidwell and Hole, 1965;Amundson and Jenny, 1991;Dudal et al, 2002;.…”

Section: Anthropedologymentioning

confidence: 99%