Man, machine and in between

Clausen, Jens

doi:10.1038/4571080a

Cited by 129 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Neural electrode arrays also serve in therapeutic stimulation, bypass or diagnosis of specific neural systems in stroke and head injury patients and in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, dystonia and severe clinical depression. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Another important application for in vivo electronics is sensors and MEMS on catheters, allowing sensory feedback to the operator or manipulation of a MEMS device internally. 11,12 Micro in vivo electronic sensors also offer a means of less invasive direct monitoring by wireless transmission or aid efficient pharmaceutical release.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Gold Plating Selectively on UV Modified Polymer Film Using Tiopronin-Gold

Endo

Tashiro

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An economic and low toxicity gold plating process for bio-compatible device fabrication was investigated. A tiopronin-gold complex altered by mercaptothiodiazole or mercaptotriazole derivatives gave a form of the complex that could be reduced autocatalytically to enable electroless gold plating. Catalytic ca. 5 nm gold particles were selectively grafted into cycloolefin polymer and polyethylenenaphthalate film surfaces by adsorption of tiopronin-gold complex from solution into 20-30 nm deep ultra-violet light modified surface layers followed by reduction with sodium borohydride. Exposure of the catalyst adsorbed surfaces to baths composed of tiopronin-gold complex, mercaptothiodiazole and ascorbic acid resulted in selective electroless plating on the modified surfaces. Observation of the interface cross-section by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the gold deposits were physically anchored to the substrate by nanometer scale octopus trap like structures. Bio-compatible electronics for in vivo application represent an innovative field of medicine, offering ailment for life quality debilitating health complications. In the applications, sensors and transducers read or relay electronic input or output directly to or from living biological systems, like the brain. In retinal and cochlear neuroprosthesis, neural array implants facilitate direct stimulation of optic nerves with signals from a miniature camera, or direct stimulation of cochlear nerves with signals from a microphone. Research involving conscious neural control to operate external devices like prosthetic robots has also been undertaken. Neural electrode arrays also serve in therapeutic stimulation, bypass or diagnosis of specific neural systems in stroke and head injury patients and in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, dystonia and severe clinical depression.1-10 Another important application for in vivo electronics is sensors and MEMS on catheters, allowing sensory feedback to the operator or manipulation of a MEMS device internally.11,12 Micro in vivo electronic sensors also offer a means of less invasive direct monitoring by wireless transmission or aid efficient pharmaceutical release. 13Non-toxic, non-allergenic and inert gold and platinum can be used as electrode materials; however toxins and allergens should be avoided in fabrication. Economic plating techniques that rely on bath components and construction materials that are toxic or allergenic introduce health risks and are therefore difficult to implement in fabrication. One approach for deposition of biocompatible gold patterns on poly(dimethylsiloxane) has been described using chemical plating and electrochemical etching. 14 In medicine, tiopronin (TPN) has been used therapeutically as a treatment of cystine disulfide related ailments like cystinuria and prophylaxis of renal cystine calculi, functioning based on an increase in solubility. 15,16 Tiopronin capped gold nanoclusters/nanoparticles (TPN-AuNP) have also been a center of attention in a broad spectrum...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Gold Plating Selectively on UV Modified Polymer Film Using Tiopronin-Gold

Endo

Tashiro

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…As the frontiers for neuromodulation expand to include conditions where patient autonomy and competence may be impaired, treating physicians and research scientists must consider certain ethical principles and follow basic established guidelines to protect individual patients involved in clinical experiments [ 6,7,50 ] . Many of the conditions discussed in this article render patients vulnerable by causing physical, cognitive, and emotional disabilities, some to the extent that they are not able to provide valid informed consent.…”

Section: Ethical Issues In Novel Neuromodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Recent Trends and Further Promising Directions in Functional Neurosurgery

Tierney¹,

Sankar²,

Lozano³

2013

Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery

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The field of functional neurosurgery has developed a number of recent innovative neuromodulatory approaches to treat disease that remains resistant to the best medical therapy. These include novel surgical techniques to intervene in motor and cognitive sequelae of refractory epilepsy, neurodegenerative disease, and certain psychiatric conditions. To a large extent, much of the innovation in our field continues to be driven by a systems-level understanding of the impact of disease on the brain. For example, several groups have exploited findings from neuroimaging work to identify a number of new potential neuromodulatory targets for the treatment of refractory depression. Ongoing discoveries at the cellular and molecular level promise targeted gene or drug delivery aimed at curing disease. Neurosurgeons will certainly remain at the forefront of translating these strategies into practical clinical applications. Several randomized trials are now underway to assess the safety and efficacy of a number of new approaches, and we will continue to acquire better knowledge of optimal patient selection, identification of the most effective neuromodulatory targets, and recognition of adverse effects as these studies progress.

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“…New specificities need to be analyzed, although, despite their new nature, the above new technologies touch fundamentally the same ethical problems as old and current ones, so that we possibly can use the new offered possibilities [27].…”

Section: B Biological Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for dependable and pervasive eHealth services

Celentano

Röning

2015

2015 IEEE 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)

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Abstract-Provision of health care and well-being services at end-user residence, together with its benefits, brings important concerns to be dealt with. This article discusses selected issues in dependable pervasive eHealth services support.Dependable services need to be implemented in a resourceefficient and safe way due to constrained and concurrent, preexisting conditions and radio environment. Security is a must when dealing with personal information, even more critical when regarding health. Once these fundamental requirements are satisfied, and services designed in an effective manner, social significance can be achieved in various scenarios. After having discussed the above viewpoints, the article concludes with the future directions in eHealth IoT including scaling the system down to the nanoscale, to interact more intimately with biological organisms.

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Man, machine and in between

Cited by 129 publications

References 10 publications

Direct Gold Plating Selectively on UV Modified Polymer Film Using Tiopronin-Gold

Direct Gold Plating Selectively on UV Modified Polymer Film Using Tiopronin-Gold

Some Recent Trends and Further Promising Directions in Functional Neurosurgery

Framework for dependable and pervasive eHealth services

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