Man-to-man transmission of melioidosis

Kunakorn, Mongkol; Jayanetra, P; Tanphaichitra, D

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)92962-2

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition to infection by inhalation, bacterial load on exposure (inoculating dose) and virulence of the infecting strain of B. pseudomallei are also likely to influence severity of disease. However, it has been noted that, despite the large bacterial load in severely ill patients with septicaemic pulmonary melioidosis, person-toperson transmission is extremely unusual [9,72]. This, together with the rarity of fulminant melioidosis in healthy people, supports the primary importance of host risk factors for the development of melioidosis.…”

Section: The Natural History Of Infection Withmentioning

confidence: 92%

Melioidosis: an important cause of pneumonia in residents of and travellers returned from endemic regions

Currie¹

2003

Eur Respir J

166

171

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Melioidosis is endemic in South East Asia, Asia and northern Australia. Infection usually follows percutaneous inoculation or inhalation of the causative bacterium,Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is present in soil and surface water in the endemic region. While 20–36% of melioidosis cases have no evident predisposing risk factor, the vast majority of fatal cases have an identified risk factor, the most important of which are diabetes, alcoholism and chronic renal disease.Half of all cases present with pneumonia, but there is great clinical diversity, from localised skin ulcers or abscesses without systemic illness to fulminant septic shock with multiple abscesses in the lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys. At least 10% of cases present with a chronic respiratory illness (sick >2 months) mimicking tuberculosis and often with upper lobe infiltrates and/or cavities on chest radiography. As with tuberculosis, latency with reactivation decades after infection can also occur, although this is rare.Confirmation of diagnosis is by culture ofB. pseudomalleifrom blood, sputum, throat swab or other samples. Microbiology laboratories need to be informed of the possibility of melioidosis, as those not familiar with it can misidentify the organism. Antibiotic therapy is initial intensive therapy withi.v.ceftazidime or meropenem or imipenem +/− cotrimoxazole for ≥10 days, followed by eradication therapy with cotrimoxazole +/− doxycycline +/− chloramphenicol (first 4 weeks only) for ≥3 months.Melioidosis has been increasingly recognised in returning travellers in Europe and recently melioidosis and colonisation withB. pseudomalleihave been documented in cystic fibrosis patients visiting or resident in endemic areas.

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Section: The Natural History Of Infection Withmentioning

confidence: 92%

Melioidosis: an important cause of pneumonia in residents of and travellers returned from endemic regions

Currie¹

2003

Eur Respir J

166

171

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“…In Porton outbred mice and Syrian hamsters, the 50% lethal dose was only 19 CFU (65). Personto-person transmission has been reported only rarely (38,45), highlighting the relative importance of the environment in disease transmission.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors That Affect the Survival and Persistence of Burkholderia pseudomallei

Inglis

Sagripanti

2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

155

143

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“…water (1). Man-to-man infection is extremely rare (2). Serological assay for P, pseudomallei infection: Indirect hemagglutination (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescent assay for IgM and IgG (IFA-IgM, IFA-IgG) were employed in the serosurvey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurveillance for Double Infection With Pseudomonas Pseudomallei in Tuberculous Patients

Kanai¹,

Akksilp

Naigowit³

et al. 1992

JJMSB

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Man-to-man transmission of melioidosis

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Melioidosis: an important cause of pneumonia in residents of and travellers returned from endemic regions

Melioidosis: an important cause of pneumonia in residents of and travellers returned from endemic regions

Environmental Factors That Affect the Survival and Persistence of Burkholderia pseudomallei

Serosurveillance for Double Infection With Pseudomonas Pseudomallei in Tuberculous Patients

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