2017
DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2017.00088
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Managed Multi-strata Tree + Crop Systems: An Agroecological Marvel

Abstract: Today, when the emphasis on single-species production systems that is cardinal to agricultural and forestry programs the world over has resulted in serious ecosystem imbalances, the virtues of the time-tested practice of growing different species together as in managed Multi-strata Tree + Crop (MTC) systems deserve serious attention. The coconut-palm-based multispecies systems in tropical homegardens and shaded perennial systems are just two such systems. A fundamental ecological principle of these systems is … Show more

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Cited by 24 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…A basic agroforestry configuration is simply the integration of suitable woody perennials into an agricultural landscape [19]. On the other end of the spectrum is the complex structure of multistory, multifunctional, agroforestry systems [17,20]. In this paper, "agroforestry system" and "agroforest" are used to refer in general to systems that fall within the USDA definition of agroforestry, while "agroforestry practice" refers to specific and recognized applications of agroforestry (e.g., windbreak, alley cropping, etc., see Section 3.1).…”
Section: Agroforestry As a Regenerative Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A basic agroforestry configuration is simply the integration of suitable woody perennials into an agricultural landscape [19]. On the other end of the spectrum is the complex structure of multistory, multifunctional, agroforestry systems [17,20]. In this paper, "agroforestry system" and "agroforest" are used to refer in general to systems that fall within the USDA definition of agroforestry, while "agroforestry practice" refers to specific and recognized applications of agroforestry (e.g., windbreak, alley cropping, etc., see Section 3.1).…”
Section: Agroforestry As a Regenerative Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A basic agroforestry configuration is simply the integration of suitable woody perennials into an agricultural landscape [18]. On the other end of the spectrum is the complex structure of multistory, multifunctional, agroforestry systems [16,21]. In this paper, "agroforestry system" and "agroforest" are used to refer in general to systems that fall within the USDA definition of agroforestry, while "agroforestry practice" refers to specific and recognized applications of agroforestry (e.g., windbreak, alley cropping, etc., see Section 3.1).…”
Section: Agroforestry As a Regenerative Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The site specificity of agroecosystems [21] and multifunctionality of integrated farming systems [113] present both an opportunity and challenge for setting standards for regenerative agriculture and agroforestry: Is it possible to reconcile the high potential of site-specific agricultural systems with the standardization necessary to certify them? The answer to this question is inextricably linked to the debate as to whether standards should be practices-based or outcomes-based (the latter also known as performance-based).…”
Section: Practices Versus Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A basic agroforestry configuration is simply the integration of suitable woody perennials into an agricultural landscape [19]. On the other end of the spectrum is the complex structure of multistory, multifunctional, agroforestry systems [17,22]. In this paper, "agroforestry system" and "agroforest" are used to refer in general to systems that fall within the USDA definition of agroforestry, while "agroforestry practice" refers to specific and recognized applications of agroforestry (e.g., windbreak, alley cropping, etc., see Section 3.1).…”
Section: Agroforestry As a Regenerative Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The site specificity of agroecosystems [22] and multifunctionality of integrated farming systems [100] present both an opportunity and challenge for setting standards for regenerative agriculture and agroforestry: Is it possible to reconcile the high potential of site-specific agricultural systems with the standardization necessary to certify them? The answer to this question is inextricably linked to the debate as to whether standards should be practices-based or outcomes-based (the latter also known as performance-based).…”
Section: Practices Versus Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 99%