Management alternatives of energy wood thinning stands

Heikkilä, Jani; Sirén, Matti; Äijälä, ja Olli

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.01.013

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Although, decreases in nutrient removals may benefit future productivity of the site, the volume of removals decreased by an estimated 35-42% (Stupak et al 2008) and 15-50% (Hakkila 2005), further hindering harvesting productivity (Hakkila 2005;Oikari et al 2010). In a study by Heikkilä et al (2007), nitrogen loss in particular was found to be negligible in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands when whole-tree harvesting was performed producing an on average and 10 year's growth decline of 5%, suggesting that when thinning in Scots pine stands in Finland efforts to minimize the effects of nutrient removals from whole-tree harvesting may not be necessary.…”

Section: Environment and Operational Research Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In 2012 alone, first thinnings represented 10.9% of total industrial roundwood harvests, equating to a volume of first thinning removals of 3.98 million m 3 (Strandström 2013). Without active management of small-diameter forest stands, or subsequent thinnings, reduced growth rates, raw material quality and value would occur and result in an economically unviable structure for industrial roundwood production (Varmola and Salminen 2004;Huuskonen and Hynynen 2006;Heikkilä et al 2007). Energy wood production is often a secondary consideration when performing thinning operations in small-diameter stands, while the primary aim has been to enable adequate supply and quality of industrial roundwood in the future (Jylhä 2011).…”

Section: Environment and Operational Research Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opportunities for cost mitigation and efficiency improvements through rationalization of small-diameter energy wood supply chains

Petty¹

2014

Diss. For.

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To be presented, with the permission of the faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki, for public criticism in the Walter Auditorium of the EE-building (Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2) on April 4 th , 2014, at 12 o'clock noon. ABSTRACTThe production of energy wood from small-diameter (DBH < 9 cm) forests in Finland through separate energy wood and integrated energy wood and pulpwood production often face cost pressures that inhibit economic viability of many operations. Systemic factors, such as small stem sizes, limited removals, and high density of young forest stands limit the efficiency of many operations resulting in low productivity and high operating costs, particularly within cutting operations. Within the study, means to increase efficiency and mitigate costs of small-diameter energy wood and integrated energy wood and pulpwood operations by identifying optimal methods, technologies, and policy that may be applied were identified. Studies of integrated and delimbed stemwood cutting methods including the use of multi-tree handling and combined timber assortments in forest stands with stem size (DBH) of removals varying between 5-17 cm were investigated and compared against separate pulpwood production. Findings suggest that the methods provide increases in productivity and decreases in costs, particularly in < 11 cm DBH conditions. Crane scale measuring was investigated as a technical solution in timber logistics to be applied in energy wood and industrial roundwood procurement. The measuring method, used as a basis of payment, was found to provide a reliable, accurate, and cost effective method when compared with a manual timber pile measurement system. Policies, in the form of financial incentives were investigated to determine the effects of applicable subsidies on the profitability of energy wood production based on stem size of removal, finding possibilities for profitable operations with reduction in subsidies, however, with stem sizes (DBH) of removal 7 cm incentives played an important role in increasing profitability.Cost reductions were identified through: The utilization of integrated and delimbed stemwood harvesting methods with multi-tree handling, decreasing harvesting costs by 0.1-52.4% dependent on stem size (DBH) of removal between 7-17 cm when compared to a traditional pulpwood harvesting method; Combining timber assortments providing harvesting cost reductions between 1.5-8.0% between 5-17 cm; Crane scale measurement use provided increased accuracy and a 18.2-45.5% reduction in costs when compared to a manual timber pile measurement system when dependent on estimated working volumes between 20,000-30,000 m 3 ; Financial incentives under the PETU system were applied increasing profit margins of integrated supply chain operations by 3.8-19.9% dependent on stem size of removal, particularly with stem size of removals between 5-7 cm.Through rationalization of supply chains, harvesting methods, technologies, and policy which exhibit the ability to reduce costs and should be...

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Section: Environment and Operational Research Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Environment and Operational Research Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for cost mitigation and efficiency improvements through rationalization of small-diameter energy wood supply chains

Petty¹

2014

Diss. For.

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“…For a forest owner, whole-tree harvesting in these stands is a cost-competitive way to manage the stand. In Finland, state subsidies ensure that this type of harvesting is profitable for a harvesting company (Tanttu et al 2004, Heikkilä et al 2007, Ahtikoski et al 2008). Thus, whole-tree harvesting can be a rational option in unmanaged young stands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy wood thinning as a part of stand management of Scots pine and Norway spruce

Heikkilä¹,

Sirén²,

Ahtikoski³

et al. 2009

Silva Fenn.

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The effects of combined production of industrial and energy wood on yield and harvesting incomes, as well as the feasibility of energy wood procurement, were studied. Data for 22 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and 21 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) juvenile stands in Central and Southern Finland were used to compare six combined production regimes to conventional industrial wood production. The study was based on simulations made by the MOTTI stand simulator, which produces growth predictions for alternative management regimes under various site and climatic conditions. The combined production regimes included precommercial thinning at 4-8 m dominant height to a density of 3000-4000 stems ha -1 and energy wood harvesting at 8, 10 or 12 m dominant height. Combined production did not decrease the total yield of industrial wood during the rotation period. Differences in the mean annual increment (MAI) were small, and the rotation periods varied only slightly between the alternatives. Combined production regime can be feasible for a forest owner if the price of energy wood is 3-5 € m -3 in pine stands, and 8-9 € m -3 in spruce stands. Energy wood procurement was not economically viable at the current energy price (12 € MWh -1 ) without state subsidies. Without subsidies a 15 € MWh -1 energy price would be needed. Our results imply that the combined production of industrial and energy wood could be a feasible stand management alternative.

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“…Desse modo, a definição adequada da intensidade, da frequência e da idade das plantas, por ocasião da aplicação da desrama artificial, evita comprometer o crescimento, além de manter o núcleo nodoso reduzido, com consequente aumento da produção de madeira limpa (POLLI et al, 2006). Em se tratando de produção de madeira serrada, além da necessidade de características adequadas, como reduzido número de nós, é importante obter árvores com fustes de maiores diâmetros, o que pode ser conseguido com a aplicação de desbaste (VALINGER et al, 2000;NOGUEIRA et al, 2001;DIAS et al, 2005;LEITE et al, 2005;NOGUEIRA et al, 2005;HEIKKILÄ et al, 2007) ou utilizando espaçamentos amplos (LELES et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Crescimento de um clone de eucalipto submetido a desrama e desbaste

Monte¹,

Reis

et al. 2009

Rev. Árvore

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Cerrado, no espaçamento inicial de 3 x 3 m, foram submetidas à desrama artificial e ao desbaste. Os tratamentos de desrama tiveram início em três idades diferentes: 16, 20 ou 28 meses. Foram utilizadas três a quatro intervenções de desrama, com remoção de copa em diferentes alturas, para atingir 6 m de fuste livre de nó, quando se iniciou a desrama aos 16 ou 20 meses, e duas a três intervenções, quando se iniciou aos 28 meses. Foram aplicados dois tratamentos de desbaste aos 55 meses, com remoção de 0 e 35% do número de mudas plantadas. O crescimento foi avaliado no período pós-desbaste, entre 55 e 93 meses de idade, por meio da análise do diâmetro (DAP), altura total (Ht), volume com casca (V), incremento periódico anual pós-desbaste (IPA) e incremento médio anual (IMA). Aos 93 meses, não foram observadas diferenças significativas (p>0,05) em DAP, Ht, V, IPA e IMA, entre os tratamentos de desrama, e na interação entre desrama e desbaste. No tratamento desramado até 1,5 m de altura, aos 16 meses, houve remoção de 80% da biomassa de folhas e galhos. Nesse tratamento, 65% dos indivíduos estavam com DAP inferior a 15 cm, em comparação com 35% nos demais tratamentos. A Ht no povoamento desbastado foi menor (p≤0,05) do que no não desbastado. O V, o IPA e o IMA foram, respectivamente, de 7,9, 23,0 e 7,3% mais elevados (p≤0,05) no povoamento desbastado, quando a primeira intervenção de desrama foi aplicada aos 20 meses. O povoamento não desbastado teve crescimento estagnado aos 80 meses. No desbastado, essa estagnação deverá ocorrer entre 100 e 110 meses de idade, indicando necessidade de aplicação do segundo desbaste nessa faixa etária, para obtenção de toras de maior diâmetro e, consequentemente, maior extensão de madeira limpa.Palavras-chave: Crescimento de plantas, desbaste e desrama artificial. GROWTH OF EUCALYPT CLONE SUBMITTED TO PRUNING AND THINNING ABSTRACT -Plants of

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Management alternatives of energy wood thinning stands

Cited by 43 publications

References 4 publications

Opportunities for cost mitigation and efficiency improvements through rationalization of small-diameter energy wood supply chains

Opportunities for cost mitigation and efficiency improvements through rationalization of small-diameter energy wood supply chains

Energy wood thinning as a part of stand management of Scots pine and Norway spruce

Crescimento de um clone de eucalipto submetido a desrama e desbaste

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