Management and sustainable energy production using flower waste generated from temples

Abstract

Temples are considered as the house of deities. As being a part of their culture, people of Hindu religion pay visits to the temple before starting any auspicious occasion to get blessings of their Gods. Out of them, those who are immense believers of God are the daily visitors of temples. As a part of worship, flowers are essentially used. As a result, a huge amount of flower waste is generated from temples worldwide. The majorly offered flowers in temples include rose, marigold, jasmine, Hibiscus, etc. The flower waste generated from such activities causes harmful effects to many life forms, therefore, its management has become an emerging issue. As flower waste contains enough nutrient and lignocellulosic material, it can be used for a variety of purposes like bioenergy and biofuel production, compost preparation, conditioner for lawn dressing, eco-friendly incense sticks, soaps, rose water and other food products, etc. To achieve sustainable energy demands, low-cost bioenergy can be generated from floral waste. Energy from flower waste either might be in the form of biogas, biohydrogen, bioethanol, biocharcoal, or direct burning to get heat energy. This book chapter deals with a possible consequence that may arise as a result of improper flower waste disposal along with its possible utilization for low-cost bioenergy production and how waste flowers can be used as potential bioenergy material.

Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn., Sapindaceae) Fruit Samples

“…Waste disposed of by industries into the environment can increase the transport of potentially toxic elements via water sources [37]. On the other hand, Kankhal is famous for its old temples (Chandi Devi, Mansa Devi, and Daksheswara Mahadev temples); temples generally generate huge loads of tourist and urban wastes, thus leading to infiltration into groundwater reservoirs [38]. Our findings showed that all studied locations were not polluted by natural phenomena or human activities and that lychee production within these regions is, for now, relatively safe.…”

Bioremediation of Temple Waste Using Earthworms for Production of Compost and Value Added Products

“…Waste produced from temples is mostly organic in nature and form about 70% of entire solid waste (Singh et al, 2018). In India, the amount of floral waste production is 300 million ton per day (Kumar et al, 2020). Temple waste is a heterogeneous mixture of different materials offered to God and its composition varies in each temple.…”

Valorizations of Marigold Waste for High-Value Products and Their Industrial Importance: A Comprehensive Review

“…Marigold flower waste contains a sufficient amount of nutrients and cellulosic fraction, making it appropriate for a variety of uses, including bioenergy production, dressing for lawn conditioners, compost preparation, and environmentally friendly incense sticks, rose water, and other goods. Hence, marigold-waste-produced cost-effective biofuels have the potential to fulfill sustainable energy demands [19]. As marigold waste offer several high-value products, it develops as a resource rather than merely a waste and exhibits great potential for contributing to a circular bioeconomy once adopted for product extraction before carrying out treatment.…”