Management der oberen Atemwege beim spontan atmenden Kind

Abstract

In unconscious, spontaneously breathing and anaesthetised children, a high incidence of partial or complete airway obstruction jeopardizes sufficient oxygenation. In this situation, the most important and efficient manoeuvre is to open up the upper airway. Chin lift, jaw thrust and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are proven and effective methods for opening an obstructed upper airway. In addition to these simple airway manoeuvres, different techniques of body positioning (e.g., lateral positioning or supine position in combination with the "sniffing position") are effective to improve and maintain upper airway patency.

Should the use of modified Jackson Rees T‐piece breathing system be abandoned in preschool children?

“…Gastric insufflation can also result from an ill‐fitting facemask and thus from partial upper airway obstruction. The latter is preventable in most patients by correctly applying airway maneuvers, such as jaw thrust and chin lift (20,21). Although we cannot objectively assess this phenomenon in the present study, we noted that the correct application of airway opening maneuvers has an impact on the amount of evacuated gastric air.…”

The Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Management of the Critically Ill Neonate—A Narrative Review and Practical Guide

“…Establishing and maintaining an open airway is essential to achieve postnatal transition and spontaneous breathing, or for further resuscitative actions to be effective [17]. Several methods, including head tilt, jaw thrust, suctioning of secretions, supraglottic devices and tracheal intubation are used to ensure open airways [18]. To assess the treatment response to each method, vital sign monitoring, clinical examination and point of care ultrasound can be used.…”

Developing a special face mask with an angle meter to optimize the head position while performing bag–valve–mask ventilation—a prospective simulated proof-of-concept study

“…Bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation is often used in emergency situations; however, it poses several psychomotor challenges to rescuers [1], with the loss of soft tissue tension in the pharynx resulting in obstruction of the upper airway in unconscious patients in the supine position being one of the most important challenges. The standard method to open the airway in this situation is "tilting of the head and lifting of the chin" [2].…”