“…This will ensure, in an ideal world, that resources are managed effectively and efficiently at both the organisational and societal levels (Kaen, Kaufman and Zacharias, 1988). Meta-analyses have found mixed results with the general consensus being that there is a significant but weak relationship between CEO pay and firm performance (Dalton, Daily, Certo and Roengpitya, 2003;van Essen, Heugens, Otten and van Oosterhout, 2012;van Essen, Otten and Carberry, 2015;Rost and Osterloh, 2009;Tosi, Werner, Katz and Gomez-Mejia, 2000). Gerhart and Fang (2014, p.50) conclude that, "…it is difficult to envision how individuals, companies, and economies would fare better, on average, by significantly diminishing the role of PFIP [pay for individual performance] in organizations."…”