“…ankylosis or other associated problems, such as caries in the primary molars, resorption of the primary molars, periodontal problems and bone resorption, mesial tipping of the distal or mesial permanent tooth, and super-eruption of the opposing permanent tooth. Various treatment approaches have been proposed, which are dependent on the age of the patient, developmental stage of the root, the position of the primary molar, number of affected teeth, severity of tipping of the adjacent permanent teeth, and the presence or absence of the permanent mandibular second premolars [7].…”