Management of acute necrotizing encephalitis: a review of 369 cases

Rappel, Marc

doi:10.1136/pgmj.49.572.419

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Recent reviews (5,6) HSV as a common cause of sporadic fatal encephalitis and acute necrotizing encephalitis (1). HSV infections of the brain can also be presented as temporal lobe syndrome (4) or as an intracranial mass lesion (13). Both types 1 and 2 HSV have been implicated as causative agents in aseptic meningitis (12., 19, 20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both idoxuridine and cytosine arabinoside have failed to significantly influence encephalitis in humans (5,8,10,13,15), and trials with ara-A are not completed. In experimental animal models, ara-A has demonstrated the greatest potential for treatment of herpesvirus-induced encephalitis (16-18, 20, 21), although the relative insolubility of this nucleoside has hampered its intravenous (i.v.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of Experimental Deoxyribonucleic Acid Virus-Induced Encephalitis by 9-β- d -Arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5′-Monophosphate

Allen¹,

Thompson²,

Huffman³

et al. 1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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9-β- d -Arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5′-monophosphate (ara-HxMP) significantly controlled the development of encephalitis produced by deoxyribonucleic acid viruses in mice. In most experiments the activities of ara-HxMP and 9-β- d -arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) were determined simultaneously. In the intracerebral (target organ) and intravenous therapy experiments, ara-HxMP had a pronounced advantage over ara-A since the water solubility of ara-HxMP enabled it to be used in much higher concentrations. In experiments where the two drugs were administered intraperitoneally or orally they exhibited similar activity. In several intraperitoneal therapy experiments ara-HxMP was tested alone, using various treatment schedules and dosages. In these experiments, efficacy was observed in groups that had treatments initiated as late as 72 h after virus inoculation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Experimental Deoxyribonucleic Acid Virus-Induced Encephalitis by 9-β- d -Arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5′-Monophosphate

Allen¹,

Thompson²,

Huffman³

et al. 1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Since reports published in the 30s (4, 16) an increasing number of encephalitides with specific etiology have been reported. One example is the well known entity of acute necrotizing encephalitis, the major or sole cause of which is now known to be herpes simplex virus (HSV) (2, 18). Better and more rapid microbiological techniques and promising specific therapies, especially for HSV, have concomitantly become available (1, 3, 21, 22) and laboratory findings are now interpreted more critically (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Encephalitis

Koskiniemi¹,

Manninen²,

Vaheri³

et al. 1981

Journal of Internal Medicine

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ABSTRACT. The 191 adult patients with acute enephalitis who attended the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Helsinki, during the 12‐year period 1967–78, were analyzed for epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological features. Young healthy adults of either sex under 30 years of age were the most susceptible. The duration of symptoms varied from some hours to more than one month (≤5 days in half of the patients). Prodromal symptoms were observed in 37.7%, meningeal signs or symptoms in 13.2%, features indicating brain involvement in 64.3% and clear effects on consciousness in 27.7% of the patients. Half (50.8%) recovered, while 43 22.5%) were left with at least moderate disability after the acute phase. Twelve patients (6.3 %) died. Lower socioeconomic status and age over 35 years were associated with increased mortality. The 10 patients with proven or presumptive herpes simplex virus (HSV) etiology had a mortality of 40 % and only one recovered satisfactorily. There were 14 further cases suggestive of HSV. Mumps, Coxsackie B, ideno, and measles were the most frequent identifiable causes after HSV. Other etiological factors, including bacteria, appeared occasionally. The etiology remained obscure in 58.6 % of the cases.

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“…Two of these pyrimidine analogues, idoxuridine and cytarabine, were employed in yarious clinical trials with varying results. Rappel (1973) analysed the results of a large number of cases of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) and concluded that the worst results were in cases which had no treatment: 205 deaths among 268 untreated cases. Among 101 cases treated in one way or another 49 patients survived.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis [Abridged]

La¹

1976

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine

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Management of acute necrotizing encephalitis: a review of 369 cases

Cited by 14 publications

References 117 publications

Inhibition of Experimental Deoxyribonucleic Acid Virus-Induced Encephalitis by 9-β- d -Arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5′-Monophosphate

Inhibition of Experimental Deoxyribonucleic Acid Virus-Induced Encephalitis by 9-β- d -Arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine 5′-Monophosphate

Acute Encephalitis

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis [Abridged]

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