Management of adult mechanically ventilated patients: A UK-wide survey

Abstract

Background: Mechanical ventilation is a common and often lifesaving intervention that is utilised in intensive care. However, the practices can vary between centres. Through this national survey we aim to gain more information about different strategies adopted across the UK. Methods: All adult intensive care units in the UK were approached to participate. The questionnaire was developed with an electronic survey engine and conducted between 09/11/2023 and 01/04/2024 (Survey Monkey®). The survey included questions on ventilator modes, settings, protocols/pathways, rescue strategies, immediate post-extubation period and follow-up. Results: There were 196 responses from 104 hospitals. The most widely adopted start-up ventilation mode was pressure-regulated volume-controlled mode. For acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF), most of respondents reported full (39.8%) or partial compliance (58.1%) with the ARDSnet protocol, with PEEP settings being the commonest deviation. Prone positioning (99.0%), followed by recruitment manoeuvres (91.3%) were commonly used rescue measures during AHRF. APRV (55.7%), inhaled (51.3%) and systemic pulmonary vasodilators (44.1%) were also commonly used. Conservative oxygen targets (SaO2 of 88%–92%) were commonly adopted (70.6%). As a care bundle, intermittent ETT cuff pressure monitoring was more common (65.5%) than continuous cuff pressure monitoring (20.0%). Propofol and alfentanil were the most common initial sedative and analgesia (99.5% and 56.9%) respectively. Routine volatile anaesthetic use was rare. Conclusions: Our survey has shown significant variation of practice in common but crucial elements of management of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. We hope the results in our survey highlight potential future areas of research. Collaborators South-coast Peri-operative Audit and Research Collaborative (SPARC) Severn Trainee Anaesthetic and Critical Care Research group (STAR) Collaborative research in Anaesthesia in the Northeast (CRANE)