Management of advanced prostate cancer

PSMA diagnostics and treatments of prostate cancer become mature

“…Use of “the right treatment for the right patient at the right time “may be guided by the right imaging [ 3 , 4 ]. As documented mainly from Italian departments of nuclear medicine, choline PET/CT has a better sensitivity than conventional imaging [ 5 ].…”

Molecular Basis of Prostate Cancer and Natural Products as Potential Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive Agents

“…Up to date, different kinds of drugs have been employed to improve the treatment condition, mainly including LHRH antagonists, antiandrogen (androgen receptor antagonists and androgen synthesis inhibitors), tyrosine kinase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, endothelin antagonists, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, antioxidants, and cell cycle inhibitors. However, as mentioned above, there is no effective therapy for CRPC at present, except for docetaxel, which is the only chemotherapeutic agent that has been proven to prolong the overall survival in CRPC patient population though with many adverse effects reported ( Eyben et al, 2015 ). Hence, it is urgent for us to explore an effective treatment for prostate cancer, especially for CRPC.…”

Highly hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer with a simultaneous integrated boost to intraprostatic lesions: a planning study

“…The BED1.5 of 57 Gy in 15 fractions was 201.4 Gy, achieving BED1.5 >200 Gy. Third, many patients would not have tolerated an ultrahigh dose if it had been delivered as external beam radiation therapy to the whole of the prostate due to GI and GU toxicity [10][11][12], but a boost to a small part of the prostate was an option to increase the radiation dose [10]. In the current plans, despite a 57-Gy prescription, the dose-volume indices of the OARs were the same as in previous study, which showed no acute rectal or GU toxicity of grade ≥3 and late toxicity of grade ≥2 [8].…”

“…The BED1.5 of 54 Gy in 15 fractions was 183.6 Gy; if the irradiation plans finished in 15 fractions, 57 Gy would be necessary to achieve a BED1.5 of 200 Gy (BED1.5 201.4 Gy). Meanwhile, ultrahigh dose irradiation increases gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity if delivered as EBRT to the whole prostate [10][11][12]. Therefore, a boost to a small part of the prostate was considered an option to increase the radiation dose [10].…”

“…Meanwhile, ultrahigh dose irradiation increases gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity if delivered as EBRT to the whole prostate [10][11][12]. Therefore, a boost to a small part of the prostate was considered an option to increase the radiation dose [10]. Local recurrence of prostate cancer after radiation therapy usually occurs at the same site where intraprostatic lesions (IPLs) exist at baseline [13].…”