Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Structural Heart Disease

2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS

“…14). U pacjentów z HFrEF należy stosować beta-adrenolityki, preparaty naparstnicy (digoksynę lub digitoksynę) bądź ich skojarzenia [218,533], ponieważ diltiazem i werapamil mogą wywierać ujemne działanie inotropowe u pacjentów z LVEF < 40% [222,534,535]. U pacjentów w krytycznie ciężkim stanie oraz tych ze znacznie zaburzoną czynnością skurczową lewej komory można stosować amiodaron dożylnie, jeżeli zbyt szybka czynność komór prowadzi do niestabilności hemodynamicznej [536][537][538].…”

2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS

“…Combination therapy may be required ( Figure 14). In patients with HFrEF, beta-blockers, digitalis (digoxin or digitoxin), or their combination should be used, 218,533 as diltiazem and verapamil can have negative inotropic effects in patients with LVEF ,40%. 222,534,535 In critically ill patients and those with severely impaired LV systolic function, intravenous amiodarone can be used where excess heart rate is leading to haemodynamic instability.…”

MR Imaging in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: From Magnet to Bedside

“…Predisposing factors include elevated LV end-diastolic pressures secondary to diastolic dysfunction, mitral regurgitation due to systolic anterior motion, and a primary myopathic process involving the atria (Table 2). Marked left atrial remodeling (ie, a combination of dilatation and fibrosis) generally constitutes the substrate for atrial fibrillation (111). True to its definition of "barometer" of the LV, left atrial size is an important predictor of outcome in HCM, independent of atrial fibrillation itself.…”