Management of cardiovascular diseases in HIV/AIDS patients

Ashwitha, Santoshi K.; Jacob, P; Ajaj, Abdullah; Shirke, Manasi Mahesh; Harky, Amer

doi:10.1111/jocs.15213

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Specifically, HIV may predispose individuals to CVDs and cerebrovascular diseases, such as heart failure and stroke. 33 The decline in CD 4+ T cells, susceptibility to opportunistic infections, and underlying HIV pathology contribute significantly to the development of cardiovascular manifestations. However, treatment targeting cardiomyopathy in this patient subset is not well recognized.…”

Section: Disparities In Hiv Risk and Complications: Causes And Shared...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, treatment targeting cardiomyopathy in this patient subset is not well recognized. 33 Additionally, PLWH face discrimination in receiving CVD care, highlighting the need for improved frameworks to ensure equitable access to health care. Besides the higher prevalence of traditional risk factors contributing to the development of CVD in PLWH, the CVD-associated outcomes are worse for the racial and ethnic minority PLWH.…”

Section: Disparities In Hiv Risk and Complications: Causes And Shared...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps

Prakash,

Swami Vetha,

Chakraborty

et al. 2024

Circulation Research

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HIV type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of AIDS. Since the start of the epidemic, HIV/AIDS has been responsible for ≈40 million deaths. Additionally, an estimated 39 million people are currently infected with the virus. HIV-1 primarily infects immune cells, such as CD 4+ (cluster of differentiation 4 + ) T lymphocytes (T cells), and as a consequence, the number of CD 4+ T cells progressively declines in people living with HIV. Within a span of ≈10 years, HIV-1 infection leads to the systemic failure of the immune system and progression to AIDS. Fortunately, potent antiviral therapy effectively controls HIV-1 infection and prevents AIDS-related deaths. The efficacy of the current antiviral therapy regimens has transformed the outcome of HIV/AIDS from a death sentence to a chronic disease with a prolonged lifespan of people living with HIV. However, antiviral therapy is not curative, is challenged by virus resistance, can be toxic, and, most importantly, requires lifelong adherence. Furthermore, the improved lifespan has resulted in an increased incidence of non-AIDS–related morbidities in people living with HIV including cardiovascular diseases, renal disease, liver disease, bone disease, cancer, and neurological conditions. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the cardiovascular comorbidities associated with HIV-1 infection, with a particular focus on hypertension. We also discuss the potential mechanisms known to drive HIV-1–associated hypertension and the knowledge gaps in our understanding of this comorbid condition. Finally, we suggest several directions of future research to better understand the factors, pathways, and mechanisms underlying HIV-1–associated hypertension in the post-antiviral therapy era.

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Section: Disparities In Hiv Risk and Complications: Causes And Shared...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disparities In Hiv Risk and Complications: Causes And Shared...mentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps

Prakash,

Swami Vetha,

Chakraborty

et al. 2024

Circulation Research

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“…HIV destroys CD4+ T lymphocytes in a large amount, so that the body loses its immune function, causes a variety of opportunistic infections or tumors, and causes death (Jabłonowska et al, 2021). Globally, there are at least 36.9 million HIVinfected people, and the trend is increasing year by year (Ashwitha et al, 2021). It is reported that there were 36.9 million HIV respondents in the world in 2018, and 56.19% of the infected people received HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) (Tabler et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV infection and risk of heart failure: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Li¹

2022

Acta Biochim Pol

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Background: Heart failure (HF) is commonly seen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We aimed to evaluate the potential correlations of HIV infection and risk of HF, to provide evidence to the management of HIV and HF. Methods: We searched PubMed and other databases to identify prospective cohort studies on the risk of HIV infection and heart failure, we used Stata 13 software for Meta-analysis, and we calculated the hazard ratio (HR) values and 95% confidence interval (CI) values for the risks of HF in patients with and without HIV infections. Results: A total of five studies were included, with 8457 cases in the HIV-infection and 21917 cases in the non-HIV-infection group. Meta-analysis results showed that HIV infection can increase the risk of HF by 48% (HR=1.48, 95% CI1.31~1.67). Subgroups analyses by HIV-1 RNA viral load, CD4+ cell count, and study population also favored the overall results, and the research heterogeneity mainly come from the group of veterans in the research population. Conclusions: HIV infection is one of the risk factors for HF, which can increase the risk of heart failure, early preventions and interventions are needed for those populations.

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Association of Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cardiovascular Risk Scores in an Italian Cohort of HIV Positive Patient Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy

Ucciferri

Auricchio

Reale

et al. 2022

CHR

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Background: Several algorithms have been developed to predict cardiovascular risk (CVR) over time, however none of them seem to be accurate when applied to HIV patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess plasma inflammatory biomarkers in relation to multiple CVR scores (FRS, ASCVD, PROCAM and the DAD-5 Years-Estimated-Risk) in an Italian cohort of HIV patients undergoing a combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART). Methods: We enrolled HIV patients undergoing cART without any change in the HIV-related pharmacological therapy over the last 48 weeks Demographic and anamnestic data were collected, and a biochemical panel including the following biomarkers was collected: CRP, Cystatin-C, microalbuminuria, IL-18, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN- γ. CVR scores were obtained for each patient and compared to the biochemical panel to assess statistical correlation. Results: 90 Caucasian HIV patients were enrolled. Assessment of CVR scores showed FRS values of 6.98±6.11%, ASCVD 7.18±6.25%, PROCAM 6.7±7.4% and DAD-5 Years Estimated Risk 3.10±3.41%. We found correlations between the levels of circulating cytokines measured and the cardiovascular risk prediction scores. Conclusions: Our data showed that the values of selected inflammatory biomarkers strongly correlate with the CVR scores, suggesting that they can be employed as reliable predictors of cardiovascular disease in HIV patients. The routine use of selected biomarkers associated with systemic inflammation could be a valid and readily available tool for clinicians to assess and monitor cardiovascular risk in HIV patients.

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Management of cardiovascular diseases in HIV/AIDS patients

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps

HIV-Associated Hypertension: Risks, Mechanisms, and Knowledge Gaps

HIV infection and risk of heart failure: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Association of Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cardiovascular Risk Scores in an Italian Cohort of HIV Positive Patient Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy

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