Management of Charcoal Rot of Mungbean by Two Trichoderma Species and Dry Biomass of Coronopus didymus

Abstract

A pot experiment was carried out to check the effect of Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. dry biomass application (1%, 2% and 3% w/w) and two species of Trichoderma (T. viride and T. aureoviride) on growth and physiology of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) WIlczek] under biotic stress of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Inoculation of M. phaseolina (positive control) reduced plant survival, shoot and root length as well as plant dry biomass by 22%, 52%, 61% and 64%, respectively, over the negative control (without any amendment). There was 100% plant survival in treatments with T. aureoviride alone or in combination with 1% and 2% C. didymus biomass. Likewise, T. viride in combination with 2% biomass also showed 100% plant survival. Application of 3% C. didymus biomass had a pronounced effect on crop growth resulting in 101%, 233% and 342% increase in shoot length, root length and plant biomass, respectively, over the positive control. Sole inoculation of either of the two Trichoderma spp. significantly enhanced various plant growth parameters over the positive control. In general, in combination with 2% biomass of C. didymus, both Trichodermaspp. proved to be the best choice for improving mungbean biomass under stress of M. phaseolina. Activity of denfense related enzymes viz. peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was generally higher in treatments in which 1% C. didymus biomass was applied either alone or combined with Trichoderma spp. in M. phaseolina inoculated soil.

Effect of soil amendment with Chenopodium album dry biomass and two Trichoderma species on growth of chickpea var. Noor 2009 in Sclerotium rolfsii contaminated soil

“…Application of dry biomass of C. album, T. harzianum, and T. viride not only enhanced the growth of tomato plants but also protected them from disease by stimulating resistance through inducing greater photosynthetic pigment, phenolics, and activities of enzymes probably to appropriate level to get rid of pathogen pressure (Awan et al 2018). Similar results have been obtained previously due to effect of soil amendment or biocontrol agents in Vigna mungo and V. radiata against charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Javaid et al 2018; Shoaib et al 2018) and in chickpea against collar rot incited by S. rolfsii (Shoaib et al 2019). Fungicidal action of dry biomass of C. album or Trichoderma spp.…”

Lupeol acetate as a potent antifungal compound against opportunistic human and phytopathogenic mold Macrophomina phaseolina

“…Many recent studies have shown that crude plant extracts as well as purified compounds isolated from various plant species are very effective in the control of fungal plant pathogens 3 – 5 . Studies have shown that plant extracts of Chenopodium spp., Senna occidentalis and Cirsium arvense can control growth of M. phaseolina and charcoal rot of mungbean 6 – 10 . From Azadirachta and Mango leaves, three flavonoids (–)-epi-catechin, (−)-epicatechin-3- O -β-glucopyranoside and 6-(phydroxybenzyl)taxifolin-7- O -β- d -glucoside were isolated and found effective against M. phaseolina 11 , 12 .…”

Integrated Management of Stem Rot of Groundnut Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. sacc

“…Various reports show the widespread application of Trichoderma spp. such as T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. gamsii, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. polysporum, T. virens and T. koningii as bio control agents effective against various soil-borne pathogens such as Phytophthora, Pythium, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Rhizoctonia [ (Moosa et al, 2017;Javaid et al, 2018;Sharma and Prasad 2018;Ingale and Patale (2019)] and organic amendments to suppress soil borne pathogens (Bonanomi et al, 2018). Several studies also suggest that when the bacterial or fungal antagonists such as P. flourescens or Trichoderma spp.…”