Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Patients with Diabetes Type I

Abstract

Background: DKA is the leading cause of mortality among pediatric age and young adults with T1D, responsible for almost 50% of all fatalities in diabetic patients younger than 24 years of age. Goals of DKA management include optimization of volume status, hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis, electrolyte abnormalities, and potential precipitating factors. Methodology: we conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1987, through February 2017. The following search terms were used: ketoacidosis, management of diabetic ketoacidosis, type I diabetic patients' emergency complication, fluid replacement in DKA, insulin therapy approach. Aim: in this review, we aim at evaluating the various ways of approaching patients who suffer from type-one diabetes during ketoacidosis and keto-acidotic coma. We will try to understand the triggers and pathophysiology behind this condition, and explore ways to prevent them. Conclusion: prompt diagnoses, aggressive treatment, and education of patient and their care providers about prevention strategies must be implemented. Also, more studies are required in the area of preventing health complications due to these types of diseases to effectively manage DKA in the future.