Management of drooling in individuals with neurodisability: a surgical experience

Abstract

From 1975 to 1 January 1999, 1103 neurologically involved patients (mean age 13.2 years; 686 males, 417 females) referred with problematic drooling, or sialorrhea, were assessed at a pediatric rehabilitation center by a team consisting of an otolaryngologist, speech pathologist, and a dentist. The initial standard treatment for persistent sialorrhea (in the compliant or aware patient) is oral-motor training. A group of 522 patients with persistent significant drooling after a minimum of 6 months of oral-motor training, or profuse drooling in the presence of a low cognitive level, underwent surgery, usually when over 6 years of age. From 1978 to 1 January 1998, the operation of first choice was submandibular duct relocation (SDR), and was completed in a total of 226 patients. Midway through 1988, sublingual gland excision was also completed at the time of submandibular duct relocation (SDRSGE); 249 of these procedures have been completed to January 1st 1999. Those patients who had SDRSGE had significantly fewer complications that required additional surgery than those that had SDR only. However, the impact of surgery on the drooling as evaluated in subsets of both groups (SDR n=115, SDRSGE n=106) was statistically similar. The study of 11 children with salivary gland radionuclitide scans to determine the effect of submandibular duct surgery on gland function was inconclusive. The pattern of oral-motor function in 26 children studied after SDRSGE surgery suggested that those children with severe impairment of volitional motor function and profuse drooling tended to have a poorer outcome following surgery compared to those with milder impairments.

Dérivation des canaux de Wharton dans le traitement du bavage. Technique chirurgicale

“…Certaines complications, non observées dans notre série, ont été rapportées chez 8 % des patients telle que l'apparition de kyste rétentionnel, de fistule salivaire, de sialadénite submandibulaire nécessitant un traitement complémentaire [15,16]. Ces complications ont amené des équipes à procéder à l'ablation bilatérale des glandes sublinguales [17,18]. Cette exérèse rallonge la durée de l'acte opératoire, celle de l'hospitalisation et peut aussi se compliquer d'hématome postopératoire et d'oedème lingual important.…”

Ultrasonography guided botulinum toxin a injection for excessive drooling in children

“…Mild side effects, such as viscous saliva, chewing difficulties, dry mouth and transient weakness of mouth closure have been reported in the literature (2,6,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). The majority of these side effects occur due to the muscle weakness that is related to the diffusion of the BTX outside the salivary gland (7).…”

Management of sialorrhoea in neurologically impaired children

“…The therapies include Submandibular duct relocation, Submandibular gland excision, Parotid duct relocation, Parotid duct ligation, Transtympanic neurectomy.The most definitive treatment of sialorrhea is surgery to excise the major salivary glands or to ligate or reroute the major salivary ducts. This procedure typically involves a combination parotid duct ligation or rerouting with either submandibular gland excision or duct rerouting (22,23). The most definitive surgical procedure, which includes bilateral parotid duct ligation and sub-mandibular gland excision, is highly successful, with nearly total elimination of sialorrhea, a low incidence of facial weakness, and significant patient and caretaker satisfaction (24).…”