MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Approach to the management of children and adolescents with Gender Dysphoria

Martinerie, Lætitia; Condat, Agnès; Bargiacchi, A.; C, Bremont-Weill; Vries, Martine C. de; Hannema, Sabine E.

doi:10.1530/eje-18-0227

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(205 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The prevalence of gender dysphoria among Dutch adolescents aged 12–18 years was recently estimated to be 1 in 6300 based on numbers of adolescents seeking medical treatment, with a ratio of transboys (assigned female at birth) to transgirls (assigned male at birth) of 1.9:1 (Wiepjes et al, 2018 ). Genetic, hormonal, psychological, and social factors may play a role, but the exact etiology of gender dysphoria remains unknown (de Vries & Cohen-Kettenis, 2012 ; Hembree et al, 2017 ; Martinerie et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of Adolescents Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues for Gender Dysphoria

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) are recommended as initial treatment for adolescents diagnosed with gender dysphoria, providing time to follow gender identity development and consider further treatment wishes without distress caused by unwanted pubertal changes. This has been described as an extended diagnostic phase. However, there are also concerns about the physical, neurocognitive, and psychosocial effects of this treatment. In this retrospective study, we document trajectories after the initiation of GnRHa and explore reasons for extended use and discontinuation of GnRHa. Treatment was considered appropriate in 143 (67%) of the 214 adolescents eligible for GnRHa treatment by virtue of their age/pubertal status, and all started GnRHa (38 transgirls, 105 transboys; median age, 15.0 years [range, 11.1-18.6] and 16.1 years [range, 10.1-17.9]). After a median duration of 0.8 years (0.3-3.8) on GnRHa, 125 (87%) started gender-affirming hormones (GAH). Nine (6%) discontinued GnRHa, five of whom no longer wished gender-affirming treatment. Thirteen had used GnRHa for longer than required by protocol for reasons other than logistics and regularly met with a mental health professional during this time, supporting the use of GnRHa treatment as an extended diagnostic phase. In conclusion, the vast majority who started GnRHa proceeded to GAH, possibly due to eligibility criteria that select those highly likely to pursue further gender-affirming treatment. Due to the observational character of the study, it is not possible to say if GnRHa treatment itself influenced the outcome. Few individuals discontinued GnRHa, and only 3.5% no longer wished gender-affirming treatment.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of Adolescents Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues for Gender Dysphoria

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The advantages that can be brought by GnRH analogue therapy cannot be underestimated, which are arresting in the development of secondary sexual attributes and greater satisfaction with body image; preventing a series of risky behaviors for health, in particular suicidal ideations and attempts. The right of the adolescent emerges to a future in which life opportunities are maximized, whereby the possibility of living the puberty experience of gender identification is offered, preventing the need to undergo invasive gender affirmation surgeries in future [73][74][75]. The importance of respecting the right of the child to exercise personal autonomy in the decision-making process is noted, so his/her opinion must be considered by the professional when making a therapeutic choice [17,76,77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hypothalamic Blockers in the Treatment of Gender Dysphoria in Preadolescence: Medical and Psychological Implications of Taking Care

Grazia¹,

Taverna²

2022

Transgender Health - Advances and New Perspectives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gender identity does not always develop in line with biological sex. Gender dysphoria at young age implies a strong incongruence between gender identity and the assigned sex; the rejection of one\'s sexual attributes and the desire to belong to the opposite sex; and a significant clinical suffering or impaired individual functioning in life spheres. The purpose of this chapter is a narrative review of the literature available on puberty suppression therapy through GnRH analogues. Biological puberty provides intense suffering to the adolescent with gender dysphoria who does not recognize himself in his own body. These drugs suppress the production of endogenous gametes and sex hormones. Although the effects of therapy are reversible, and biological development resumes spontaneously once the medication is stopped, the administration of GnRH analogues at a young age has fueled a scientific debate on the matter of the ethics of pharmacological intervention with minors. In conclusion, the studies considered show that GnRH analogues do not have long-term harmful effects on the body; prevent the negative psychosocial consequences associated with gender dysphoria in adolescence (suicidal ideation and attempts, self-medication, prostitution, self-harm); improve the psychological functioning of young transsexuals; and are diagnostic tools that allow adolescents to buy time to explore their gender identities.

show abstract

“…Disparities between the countries are also identified, regarding the care of these individuals and the impacts in short and medium term. Moreover, these discussions involve ethical issues about categorization, infertility and the appropriate time to start treatment [37].…”

Section: Gender Identity Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Science Mapping Analysis of Sixty-Seven Years of Scientific Evolution about the Transgender Population

Bender¹,

Sott²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gender and identity issues permeate society as a whole. Therefore, the matters involving transgender individuals should be analised in order to understand the difficulties experienced by this population and the social practices implemented. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the strategic themes and their evolution in relation to the theme. For this, a bibliometric performance and network analysis (BPNA) was carried out with the existing data in the Web of Science database between 1954 and march 2021. Twenty-three thousand and four hundred and seventy-one (23,471) articles were identified, which were included in the SciMAT software to perform a bibliometric analysis, resulting in the graph of the thematic evolution structure and the strategic diagram, in which 8 motor themes and a cross-cutting theme of great magnitude are highlighted, which are discussed in depth. The results show the relation between the transgender theme and gender, identity, sexual orientation, hormone therapy and gender-affirming surgery. It is concluded that, despite the large number of associated researches, some areas of study are still incipient, such as the inclusion of transgender people in the formal labor market and in the prison context, thus opening field for further studies.

show abstract

MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Approach to the management of children and adolescents with Gender Dysphoria

Cited by 24 publications

References 119 publications

Trajectories of Adolescents Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues for Gender Dysphoria

Trajectories of Adolescents Treated with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues for Gender Dysphoria

Effects of Hypothalamic Blockers in the Treatment of Gender Dysphoria in Preadolescence: Medical and Psychological Implications of Taking Care

A Science Mapping Analysis of Sixty-Seven Years of Scientific Evolution about the Transgender Population

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About