Management of frontal sinus fractures – Treatment decision based on metric dislocation extent

Complications of Facial Trauma of the Fronto-orbital Region

“…At 2 years, they showed very acceptable in 164 patients with a complication rate of 2.4%, all of which were from aesthetic deformity due to anterior table fractures in patients who were offered and refused surgery. 62 Other studies have shown that attempting to manage posterior wall fractures that are moderately displaced (<5 mm) with sinus preservation is safe, with no increased intracranial infection rates noted. Though much of the recent data make a strong case for conservative management, it is primarily limited by its follow-up length, as not enough time has passed to accurately evaluate long-term infectious sequelae.…”

Management of Frontal Sinus Fractures

“…Many surgeons support conservative management for nondisplaced fractures. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Dalla Torre et al suggest that fractures with minimal bony displacement (0-2 mm) should be observed initially, whereas fractures displaced more than 5 mm will require surgery. Moderately displaced fractures (2-5 mm) are variable case to case, but some are still best treated with observation and close follow-up.…”

“…Moderately displaced fractures (2-5 mm) are variable case to case, but some are still best treated with observation and close follow-up. 8 All patients with frontal sinus fractures should be counseled regarding "sinus precautions," that is, avoiding behaviors that can increase blood pressure to the head or increase air pressure through the sinuses. Saline nasal rinses can help clean the nasal passageways and rinse free any blood clots; patients should avoid nose blowing and Valsalva while bony healing is occurring.…”

Interrelationship of Structure and Function in Maxillofacial Fractures

“…(Table). [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Article citation preference was given to the most current literature found for each category. In general, indications for nonoperative management included the presence of minimally displaced fractures, minimal or absent symptoms, patient noncompliance, and patients who were medically unfit.…”