Management of functional nonretentive fecal incontinence in children: Recommendations from the International Children's Continence Society

Treatment of daytime urinary incontinence: A standardization document from the International Children's Continence Society

“…The Rome‐III criteria differentiate between functional constipation (FC), which can occur with and without fecal incontinence (FI) and non‐retentive fecal incontinence (NRFI). Both conditions have been the focus of two ICCS standardization documents …”

“…Laxatives are not indicated in NRFI. For comprehensive management of NRFI the reader is referred to the ICCS standardization document on the subject …”

“…Successful management of bowel problems will often lead to a reduction and even resolution of DUI in many children. The strategy in managing incontinent children with associated constipation and fecal incontinence should be referred to the ICCS’ suggestions on constipation and NRFI …”

Encopresis in Children: An Overview of Recent Findings

“…In contrast with children with faecal incontinence caused by functional constipation, patients with FNRFI should not be treated with laxatives (32,33). Education, toilet training, and positive motivation are the cornerstones of treatment for these patients (34).…”

Brain processing of rectal sensation in adolescents with functional defecation disorders and healthy controls

“…In FNRFI, it is hypothesized that children neglect or ignore the urge to defecate . Furthermore, coexisting psychological comorbidities are common in this population and may also play a role in the pathophysiology . Treatment of FNRFI also consists of behavioral interventions, while the use of laxative drugs is discouraged in these patients as this may worsen symptoms …”