Management of hepatitis B virus infection, updated Swedish guidelines

Westin, Johan; Aleman, Soo; Castedal, Maria; Duberg, Ann‐Sofi; Eilard, Anders; Fischler, Björn; Kampmann, Christian; Lindahl, Karin; Lindh, Magnus; Norkrans, Gunnar; Stenmark, Stephan; Weiland, Ola; Wejstål, Rune

doi:10.1080/23744235.2019.1675903

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Worthy of note is the fact that there are currently two main antiviral drugs for the treatment of chronic HBV infection [87]. They are nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) and interferon (IFN) including normal IFNs and pegylated IFNs (Peg-IFNs).…”

Section: Treatment Of Hbv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Traveler’s Infections: Overview of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Oti¹

2021

Tourism

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a double-stranded circular DNA virus that infects the hepatocytes. HBV infection is considered as an important public health concern globally especially with one-third of the world's population been infected. Local and international migrants are one of those population at high risk of the infection. Many factors interplay in the acquisition of HBV such as purpose of travel, destination endemicity rate of the virus, time of stay of the traveler, inadequate prevention and control measures, among others, understanding the genotypes of HBV is critical in correlating the evolution of the virus and migration of humans and also treatment responses of infected population. The symptom of the virus ranges from fever to jaundice and to a liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transmission of HBV is commonly via horizontal route in developing regions and in the developed regions; transmission occur more often among adults that use injectable drugs and high-risk sexual behaviors. Therefore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) have recommended HBV screening and vaccination to all travelers without an HBV immunization history before traveling to endemic regions. This chapter gives an overview on HBV as a potential traveler's infection.

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Section: Treatment Of Hbv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is usually given via subcutaneous injection. There are reports of combination therapy of NA + NA and Peg-IFN + NA [86,87].…”

Section: Treatment Of Hbv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traveler’s Infections: Overview of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Oti¹

2021

Tourism

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“…An initial assessment of a patient with HBV infection should include testing for hepatitis D virus (HDV), a defective virus that can only replicate in the presence of HBV. Since HBV/HDV coinfection is associated with more rapid disease progression compared to HBV monoinfection, it is essential to test for anti‐HDV antibodies, and if present, to follow‐up with a test for HDV RNA (Westin et al, 2020). This testing may need to be repeated in patients who remain at risk for HDV acquisition.…”

Section: Hbv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for the clinical development of antiviral therapies

Dorr

Krishnan

et al. 2020

Cytometry Part B Clinical

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With the morbidity and mortality associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic that we are witnessing this year, the risks posed by emerging viral diseases to global health are all too obvious. This pandemic highlights the importance of antiviral drug discovery, which targets emerging viral pathogens, as well as existing pathogenic viruses that undergo continuous evolution. Drug discovery and development is a long and resource intensive process; however, the use of biomarkers can accelerate clinical development of antivirals by providing information regarding diagnosis of specific viral infections, status of infection, potential safety parameters, and antiviral responses. In clinical practice, many of the biomarkers initially utilized to support clinical development are also used for patient care. While viral load is a standard and essential biomarker used to detect the desired viral suppression induced by an antiviral agent, it has become apparent that additional biomarkers, whether related to the virus, the host or as a consequence of the drug's mechanistic effects, are also important for monitoring clinical outcomes associated with an antiviral therapy. This review summarizes the biomarkers used in the clinical development (as well as in clinical practice, where appropriate) of antiviral therapies for hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

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“…Thus, the available drugs, be it pegylated interferon or direct‐acting antiviral compounds will at best reduce inflammation and in a fraction of patients help to achieve hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, whereas eradication of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is rare. Therefore, treatment is currently restricted for children with HBsAg positive, HBeAg positive chronic infection with signs of ongoing inflammation, that is elevated transaminases and possibly corroborated by liver biopsy findings 9 . In the newer terminology, as established by the European association for the study of the liver (EASL), this subgroup of patients is defined as having HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis 10 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the remaining majority, with similar pattern of serology, high levels of viraemia and thereby infectivity, but no signs of inflammation (ie those with HBeAg positive chronic infection according to EASL classification), there is currently no established treatment regime. The one exception to this would be chronically HBV‐infected children receiving chemotherapeutics or other immunosuppressive treatments or who are subjected to stem cell or organ transplantation 9 . Such patients should be treated with direct‐acting antiviral drugs if they have ongoing Hepatitis B virus infection and in certain instances even if they have cleared a previous HBV infection, since it can be reactivated under heavy immunosuppression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%