Management of Hypertension (HTN) in a Cardiology Department in Bamako (Mali): Financial Aspects

Bâ, Hamidou Oumar; Menta, Ichaka; Sangaré, I; Sidibé, Noumou; Camara, Youssouf; Coulibaly, Souleymane; Camara, Hamidou; Fofana, Cheick Hamala; Traoré, Aladji; Sogodogo, A; Touré, Mamadou; Maiga, K; Thiam, Doumbia Coumba; Adama, Daou; Sanogo, Koualy

doi:10.4236/wjcd.2019.96035

Cited by 1 publication

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Study characteristics are summarized in Table 1 , a more detailed version can be found in additional file 2 . Regarding the economic study design, 21 studies followed a partial economic evaluation (nine cost descriptions [ 33 , 35 – 38 , 44 , 47 , 49 , 56 ], eight cost analyses [ 41 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 57 , 58 , 64 ] and four cost-outcome descriptions [ 32 , 34 , 43 , 63 ]. The remaining studies followed a full economic evaluation design (seven cost effectiveness analyses [ 39 , 40 , 54 , 59 – 62 ], three cost utility analyses [ 42 , 51 , 52 ] and two cost minimization analysis [ 53 , 55 ]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The timeframe for data collection ranged from 20 days to 18 months. For the cost calculation, most studies used medical records [ 32 – 35 , 38 , 45 , 47 – 49 , 54 – 57 , 63 ] or questionnaires and interviews [ 33 – 39 , 43 – 45 , 50 , 64 ]. Additional sources were price lists [ 41 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 51 , 54 , 57 – 59 , 62 ], facility records [ 34 , 39 – 41 , 43 , 46 , 52 , 53 , 56 , 64 ] and other literature such as studies on income in South Africa [ 59 , 65 ] or World Health Organization (WHO) reports [ 40 , 43 , 59 , 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified convenient sampling [ 33 – 35 , 38 , 45 , 48 , 53 , 56 , 63 ] as the most used sampling method followed by random sampling [ 32 , 36 , 49 , 50 , 55 , 58 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine studies were conducted in Nigeria [ 35 – 38 , 47 – 55 ], five in South Africa [ 59 – 63 ], four in Kenya [ 41 – 44 ], four in Ethiopia [ 35 – 38 ], two in Rwanda [ 56 , 57 ] and Cameroon [ 32 , 33 ] and one each in the Democratic Republic of Congo [ 34 ], Ghana [ 39 ], Guinea [ 40 ], Mali [ 45 ], the Seychelles [ 58 ] and Uganda [ 64 ]. Overall, we identified ten studies [ 34 – 38 , 40 , 45 , 56 , 57 , 64 ] from low-income countries (LIC) according to the World Bank classification [ 21 ] as well as 22 studies [ 32 , 33 , 39 , 41 – 44 , 47 – 55 , 58 – 63 ] from middle income countries (MIC). One study had a global focus [ 46 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study had a global focus [ 46 ]. Most studies focused on a rural setting [ 32 , 44 , 52 – 54 , 56 , 57 ] or had a mixed urban-rural focus [ 35 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 50 , 61 , 64 ] with data collected from hospitals [ 33 , 35 – 38 , 45 , 47 – 49 , 53 – 57 ], health care or community centers [ 32 , 40 , 43 , 58 , 61 , 63 ] and a mix of facility types [ 34 , 39 , 41 , 44 , 50 , 64 ].

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The economic burden of treating uncomplicated hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives Hypertension is one of the leading cardiovascular risk factors with high numbers of undiagnosed and untreated patients in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). The health systems and affected people are often overwhelmed by the social and economic burden that comes with the disease. However, the research on the economic burden and consequences of hypertension treatment remains scare in SSA. The objective of our review was to compare different hypertension treatment costs across the continent and identify major cost drivers. Material and Methods Systematic literature searches were conducted in multiple databases (e.g., PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar) for peer reviewed articles written in English language with a publication date from inception to Jan. 2022. We included studies assessing direct and indirect costs of hypertension therapy in SSA from a provider or user perspective. The search and a quality assessment were independently executed by two researchers. All results were converted to 2021 US Dollar. Results Of 3999 results identified in the initial search, 33 were selected for data extraction. Costs differed between countries, costing perspectives and cost categories. Only 25% of the SSA countries were mentioned in the studies, with Nigeria dominating the research with a share of 27% of the studies. We identified 15 results each from a user or provider perspective. Medication costs were accountable for the most part of the expenditures with a range from 1.70$ to 97.06$ from a patient perspective and 0.09$ to 193.55$ from a provider perspective per patient per month. Major cost drivers were multidrug treatment, inpatient or hospital care and having a comorbidity like diabetes. Conclusion Hypertension poses a significant economic burden for patients and governments in SSA. Interpreting and comparing the results from different countries and studies is difficult as there are different financing methods and cost items are defined in different ways. However, our results identify medication costs as one of the biggest cost contributors. When fighting the economic burden in SSA, reducing medication costs in form of subsidies or special interventions needs to be considered. Trial registration Registration: PROSPERO, ID CRD42020220957.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We identified convenient sampling [ 33 – 35 , 38 , 45 , 48 , 53 , 56 , 63 ] as the most used sampling method followed by random sampling [ 32 , 36 , 49 , 50 , 55 , 58 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%