Management of Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato Using ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized Through Matricaria chamomilla

Abstract

Matricaria chamomilla flower extract was used as a biocompatible material for synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). The synthesized NPs were evaluated for their antibacterial potential in vitro and in vivo against Ralstonia solanacearum that causes devastating bacterial wilt disease in tomato and other crops. Synthesized ZnONPs were further analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The synthesized polydisperse ZnONPs were found to be in the size range of 8.9 to 32.6 nm, and at 18.0 µg ml-1 exhibited maximum in vitro growth inhibition of R. solanacearum. SEM analysis of affected bacterial cells showed morphological deformation such as disruption of cell membrane, cell wall and leakage of cell contents. Results of in vivo studies also showed that application of ZnONPs to the artificially inoculated tomato plants with R. solanacearum significantly enhanced the plant growth by reducing bacterial soil population and disease severity as compared to untreated control. Biosynthesized ZnONPs could be an effective approach to control R. solanacearum.

pH-Responsive On-Demand Alkaloids Release from Core–Shell ZnO@ZIF-8 Nanosphere for Synergistic Control of Bacterial Wilt Disease

“…The construction of controlled-release nanocarriers based on the change of microenvironment (pH, temperature, enzymes, and glutathione) during the pathogen infecting crops can effectively reduce the amount of agrochemical and improve the utilization. − Accordingly, various materials, including inorganic porous nanomaterials, polymers, layered double hydroxides, and lipid nanoparticles, have been reported to construct pesticide stimuli-responsive carriers . In particular, zinc oxide (ZnO) has the ability to synthesize reactive oxygen species (ROS) to increase the permeability of cell membranes and can be dissociated to release the encapsulated drugs and Zn 2+ in an acidic environment, so it has been widely used as an antimicrobial agent compared to other materials. − In addition, nanostructured zinc oxide can be used as a synergist and bactericide to increase fertilizer uptake by plants and to control R. solanacearum in agriculture, and it also has been shown to be nontoxic to human cells. − Therefore, ZnO as a carrier is an excellent choice to load bactericide with poor cell membrane permeability (such as berberine) and continually release active ingredients under acidic conditions to improve the utilization of bactericide for efficient control of R. solanacearum .…”

Enhanced suppression of soil-borne phytopathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum in soil and promotion of tomato plant growth by synergetic effect of green synthesized nanoparticles and plant extract

“…Samples were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The scanning electron microscope TM‐1000 (Hitachi) was equipped with EDS spectrum for the observations of nanoparticles (Khan et al, 2021).…”

Ralstonia solanacearum – A soil borne hidden enemy of plants: Research development in management strategies, their action mechanism and challenges

“…Nanotechnology developed as one of the 21 st century's most quickly progressing sciences. Nanotechnology offers a viable solution to the difficulties involved with the identification and control of soil pathogens, such as R. solanacearum (Khan et al, 2021;Guo et al, 2022). According to recent research, nanoparticles act as a possible biosensor and antibacterial agent for detecting plant infections, particularly soil-borne pathogens.…”