Management of Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Failure

Abstract

In this section, BCG has served as the standard treatment for many years in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers. Intravesical BCG has been shown to reduce the risk of tumor recurrence in intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC patients. It is widely accepted that BCG is associated with few side effects and that patients undergoing treatment should undergo a risk-benefit assessment. BCG failure, other than BCG intolerance, is defined as disease recurrence despite adequate BCG therapy. We aimed to describe the management of patients with BCG failure. We share other bladder protective treatments and their results.