Management of keratoconus: an updated review

Deshmukh, Rashmi; Ong, Zun Zheng; Rampat, Radhika; Barrio, Jorge L. Alió del; Barua, Ankur; Ang, Marcus; Said, Dalia G.; Dua, Harminder S.; Ambrósio, Renato; Ting, Darren Shu Jeng

doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1212314

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 368 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The early detection of keratoconus can lead to improved patient outcomes, with timely reviews to monitor disease progression and appropriate interventions with corneal crosslinking when indicated [57][58][59][60]. With certain machines, AS-OCT technology can generate a quantitative pachymetry map with parameters including keratometry, inferior-superior (I-S) dioptric value, and multivariate indexes such as KISA% [61].…”

Section: Clinical Applications For Corneal Diseases 61 Keratoconusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Applications of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: An Updated Review

Chong,

Azzopardi,

Hussain

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since its introduction, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized the field of ophthalmology and has now become an indispensable, noninvasive tool in daily practice. Most ophthalmologists are familiar with its use in the assessment and monitoring of retinal and optic nerve diseases. However, it also has important applications in the assessment of anterior segment structures, including the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera, anterior chamber, and iris, and has the potential to transform the clinical examination of these structures. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential clinical utility of anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) for a wide range of anterior segment pathologies, such as conjunctival neoplasia, pterygium, scleritis, keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, and infectious/noninfectious keratitis. In addition, the clinical applications of AS-OCT (including epithelial mapping) in preoperative planning and postoperative monitoring for corneal and refractive surgeries are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Clinical Applications For Corneal Diseases 61 Keratoconusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Applications of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: An Updated Review

Chong,

Azzopardi,

Hussain

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Instead of a single focal point, two focal lines are separated from each other by an interval whose length is directly proportional to the difference in power between the two principal meridians. Irregular astigmatism is caused by corneal pathologies such as keratoconus; post-transplant, post-refractive surgery, or corneal degeneration produce poor visual acuity that cannot be corrected with aerial lenses (3), which could only be corrected with a surgical procedure or simply with the use of special contact lenses (4,5).…”

Section: Original Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual rehabilitation with scleral contact lenses in patients with irregular astigmatism

Cano-Blaires,

Vera Duarte,

Blaires

2024

Med Clín Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Scleral contact lenses (SCLs) are gas-permeable and are placed entirely on the sclera without contacting structures such as the cornea or limbus. These ECLs are designed to rehabilitate reduced vision of eyes with irregular corneas. Irregular astigmatism caused by corneal pathologies such as keratoconus, post-transplant, post-refractive surgery, or corneal degeneration produces poor visual acuity that cannot be corrected with air lenses, and the appearance of scleral contact lenses could be a therapeutic option in the treatment and optical correction of corneal pathologies. To determine the degree of improvement in visual acuity with adaptation of scleral lenses. Methodology: This was an observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, retrospective study. Results: Forty cases of irregular astigmatism with different initial visual acuity effects were observed prior to the fitting of Scleral Lenses. The mean visual acuity (VA) prior to correction with scleral lenses observed in the 40 cases was 20/200 with correction on the Snellen scale with a minimum (worst VA) equal to "finger-count vision" (represented as cases with 20/ 400 vision for quantification purposes) and a maximum (best VA) of 20/70. Nineteen cases (47.5%) restored their VA to normal values (20/20), and 30 cases (75%) improved their VA by at least 10-fold from the baseline. Discussion: In this study, a remarkable and constant improvement in visual acuity was observed in all the patients. Some patients experienced an increase of up to 20 times their initial visual acuity, achieving, in many cases, a visual acuity of 20/20 on the Snellen scale. These results indicate a promising treatment strategy with fewer adverse effects.

show abstract

“…The disease is bilateral and typically exhibits asymmetric progression, often resulting in a delayed diagnosis. Although the etiology of KCN remains uncertain, factors such as genetic makeup, systemic allergies, and eye rubbing contribute to its manifestation [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Keratoconus in the Young Eastern Population of Saudi Arabia

Khattak,

Altalhi,

Alotaibi

et al. 2024

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Keratoconus (KCN) is a progressive corneal ectasia that manifests at a young age and significantly impacts vision and quality of life. Early diagnosis allows for effective treatment with corneal collagen crosslinking, yet there is a lack of screening methods. This research aims to screen adolescents and young adults for this sight-threatening disease using quick corneal tomography mapping. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study is being conducted at Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare in Saudi Arabia, focusing on subjects aged 13-23. We are presenting the data from our study as internal pilot study data. Bilateral corneal imaging with Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), utilizing Scheimpflug corneal tomography, was performed. Historical data on allergies, eye rubbing, KCN, family history, previous eye surgery, and contact lens use were collected. The Belin Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display total D value served as an objective criterion for suspect KCN (SKCN) diagnosis. Results: In this study with 110 participants, KCN was identified in 2.75% of participants and SKCN in 11.93%. Systemic allergies or eczema were reported by 2.80%, with no cases in the KCN or SKCN groups. Eye rubbing behavior was observed in 5.50%, with the highest prevalence (33.30%) in the KCN group. A family history of KCN was found in 21.10%, with SKCN having the highest prevalence (30.80%). Conclusion: This restricted population study reveals a significant KCN rate of 2.75%. The condition, easily detected and treatable with corneal collagen crosslinking, highlights the need for larger population studies to determine the disease's true prevalence. Efficient screening programs tailored to regional data are essential for early detection and intervention.

show abstract

Management of keratoconus: an updated review

Cited by 41 publications

References 368 publications

Clinical Applications of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: An Updated Review

Clinical Applications of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography: An Updated Review

Visual rehabilitation with scleral contact lenses in patients with irregular astigmatism

Prevalence of Keratoconus in the Young Eastern Population of Saudi Arabia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About