Management of Moisture Resource Potential in Agrocenoses of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

To define the factors of managing the potential of moisture resources, the regularities of accumulation and use of moisture from soil by agricultural crops while cultivating them in the system of different crop rotations in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The comparative assessment of the productivity of cereal-hoed 10-field rotation demonstrated that in 2010-2015 the yield of dry substance of the main product increased 1.35 times, the yield of fodder units-1.28 times, and that of cereals-1.23 times. The fraction of the yield of dry substance was 12 % from the total yield which was 2.3 times higher as compared to 1965-1969. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in 5field cereal-hoed rotation promoted the increase in the yield of fodder units by 35.7 %, cereal unitsby 29.1 %. The highest yield from the fertilizers introduced was obtained for tillage, where the yield of fodder and cereal units increased by 56.6 and 60.7 % respectively. Short crop rotations had higher productivity: strong direct correlation (R>0.70) was found between the accumulation of energy in dry substance and the yield of dry substance, fodder and cereal units and the accumulation of energy per 10 t of the moisture used. Regression coefficients for the variables: dry substance, fodder and cereal units, dry substance per 10 t of moisture in the dependence equations were 3.06, 1.25, 7.25 and 2.89 times higher as compared to long crop rotations. It demonstrated the 2.59-fold higher efficiency of forming productivity in short crop rotations and using the total moisture circulation as compared to long crop rotations.

APPLICATION OF ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN FIELD RESEARCH OF CEREAL CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGES IN UKRAINE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th – AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURIES

“…Obtaining a high and stable yield of cereal crops is possible only by creating favorable conditions for their growth and development (P. Boyko et al, 2019; O. Demidenko et al, 2020). This ensures all processes of energy conversion and metabolism in the plant organism at an optimal level, starting from photosynthesis and ending with the formation of the final products of plant life: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, trace elements, and others (P. Boiko et al, 2023; V. Orekhivskyi et al, 2022; V. V. Morhun et al, 2022).…”