Management of non-motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson disease

Truong, Daniel D.; Bhidayasiri, Roongroj; Wolters, Erik Ch.

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2007.08.015

Cited by 102 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…At elevated concentrations, Glu acts as a neurotoxin capable of inducing severe neuronal damage and necrosis by causing over excitation of neurons [37][38][39][40][41] . Previously it was thought that hypoxia played a part in the neurotoxicity of Glu, particularly in the white matter; however, it has now been shown that hypoxic injury and GluRs over stimulation are independent of one another 42 .…”

Section: Excitatory Amino Acids (Eaas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Glutamate Receptors I: Current Understanding of Their Biology

Rousseaux

2008

J Toxicol Pathol

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Seventy years ago it was discovered that glutamate is abundant in the brain and that it plays a central role in brain metabolism. However, it took the scientific community a long time to realize that glutamate also acts as a neurotransmitter. Glutamate is an amino acid and brain tissue contains as much as 5 -15 mM glutamate per kg depending on the region, which is more than of any other amino acid. The main motivation for the ongoing research on glutamate is due to the role of glutamate in the signal transduction in the nervous systems of apparently all complex living organisms, including man. Glutamate is considered to be the major mediator of excitatory signals in the mammalian central nervous system and is involved in most aspects of normal brain function including cognition, memory and learning. In this review, the basic biology of the excitatory amino acids glutamate, glutamate receptors, GABA, and glycine will first be explored. In the second part of this review, the known pathophysiology and pathology will be described. (J Toxicol Pathol 2008; 21: 25-51)

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Section: Excitatory Amino Acids (Eaas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Glutamate Receptors I: Current Understanding of Their Biology

Rousseaux

2008

J Toxicol Pathol

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“…There is convincing evidence that the PD neurodegenerative process begins many years before the onset of motor manifestations by an estimated 3-6 years [Savica et al 2010]. The spectrum of nonmotor symptoms encompasses constipation, bladder dysfunction, daytime somnolence, delusions/hallucinations, difficulty in concentration, dribbling, dysphagia, episodes of confusion, fatigue, impulse control disorders (ICDs), memory problems, mood disorders (depression, anxiety), orthostatic hypotension, pain, paranoia, sensation of breathlessness, sleep disturbances, sweating, and also sexual dysfunction (SD) [Truong et al 2008;Chaudhuri et al 2006]. Sexuality is a basic human right and essential part of healthy life [World Association for Sexual Health, 2008].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of sexual dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease

Bronner¹,

Vodušek²

2011

Ther Adv Neurol Disord

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Nonmotor symptoms, among them sexual dysfunction, are common and underrecognized in patients with Parkinson disease; they play a major role in the deterioration of quality of life of patients and their partners. Loss of desire and dissatisfaction with their sexual life is encountered in both genders. Hypersexuality (HS), erectile dysfunction and problems with ejaculation are found in male patients, and loss of lubrication and involuntary urination during sex are found in female patients. Tremor, hypomimia, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, 'clumsiness' in fine motor control, dyskinesias, hypersalivation and sweating may interfere with sexual function. Optimal dopaminergic treatment should facilitate sexual encounters of the couple. Appropriate counselling diminishes some of the problems (reluctance to engage in sex, problems with ejaculation, lubrication and urinary incontinence). Treatment of erectile dysfunction with sildenafil and apomorphine is evidence based. HS or compulsive sexual behaviour are side effects of dopaminergic therapy, particularly by dopaminergic agonists, and should be treated primarily by diminishing their dose. Neurologists should actively investigate sexual dysfunction in their Parkinsonian patients and offer treatment, optimally within a multidisciplinary team, where a dedicated professional would deal with sexual counselling.

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“…Glutamate is an amino acid that is considered to be the main excitatory neurotransmittor in mammals. At higher concentrations, Glutamate becomes a neurotoxin leading to severe damage and necrosis to the neuron through hyperexictation mechanism (Lipton and Rosenberg, 1994;Meldrum, 1994;Miller et al, 1995;1997;Ozawa et al, 1998;Schoepp, 1994;Ankarcrona et al, 1995;Lipton and Nicotera, 1998;Rosin et al, 2004;Truong et al, 2008). Immunohistochemical examination showed expression of two key receptors; AMPA receptor protein and MGluR1 receptor protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal Necrosis Due to a Lethal Epileptic Syndrome Affecting FVB Strain Î²-Actin Luciferase Transgenic Mice

Shoieb¹,

Allavena²,

Ibrahim³

2014

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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The FVB is the most often inbred mouse strain used in transgenic research. This strain is recognised to be affected with a disease known as FVB Lethal Epileptic Syndrome (FLES). A case series of FVB mouse lethal epileptic syndrome in a cohort of commercially procured β actin luciferase transgenic FVB mice was diagnosed based on the clinical signs, post-mortem and histopathologic findings and immunohistochemical analysis of glutamate receptors. Observed clinical signs included nonresponsiveness, hunched posture, piloerection. Histopathologic lesions included moderate to severe acute neuronal necrosis affecting predominantly the cerebral cortex, thalamus and hippocampus with hepatic coagulative necrosis. Glutamate receptors showed mild to marked positive expression within the affected neurons. Glutamate receptor may have a potential role in the pathogenesis of FLES.

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Management of non-motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson disease

Cited by 102 publications

References 150 publications

A Review of Glutamate Receptors I: Current Understanding of Their Biology

A Review of Glutamate Receptors I: Current Understanding of Their Biology

Management of sexual dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease

Neuronal Necrosis Due to a Lethal Epileptic Syndrome Affecting FVB Strain Î²-Actin Luciferase Transgenic Mice

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