Management of Occupational Bladder Cancer in Japan (Vol. 1)

Abstract

By examining historical documents regarding occupational bladder cancer in Japan, we interpreted and followed the progress made in developing preventive measures against the outbreak of occupational bladder cancer in Japanese dye industries after World War II, and documented how these measures became well organized. During Dr. M. H. C. Williams's, who was an industrial physician for the British ICI Company, occasional visits to Japan, he encouraged the enforcement of such measures, considering them to be as important in occupational health in Japan as in Western countries. He received permission to implement these measures in Japanese dye companies. A urine cell diagnostic system was already being employed in Japanese industries as a method of diagnosing occupational bladder cancer, and its use was promoted by engineers, urologists, and pathologists even before the Industrial Safety and Health Law was enacted in 1972. It took about 10 years for these measures to become standardized industry-wide. The use of these measures has had a considerable effect on the early diagnosis of patients and extended patients' life spans. Eventually, the life spans of such patients became approximately the same as that of the average Japanese male. Some patients unfortunately died of occupational bladder cancer. Others were examined using these measures not only while employed but also after retirement. Therefore, some patients in whom occupational bladder cancer was detected are still alive at over eighty years of age.

Transfer of occupational health problems from a developed to a developing country: Lessons from the Japan–South Korea experience

“…Beginning in 1962, the Japanese dyestuff industries, with the cooperation of university researchers, introduced urinary cytology examinations for dye workers to detect bladder cancers [Ishizu, 1975]. By 1972, more than 120 dye workers with bladder cancers were identified, and, that same year, the Industrial Safety and Health Law prohibited the manufacture of benzidine, b-naphthylamine, and their salts [Ishizu, 1975].…”