Management of Perineal Massage in Pregnant Women as an Effort to Prevent Perineal Rupture in Vaginal Delivery (Literative Review)

Abstract

The number of maternal deaths in Indonesia in 2020 showed 4,627 deaths in Indonesia. This number has increased by 9.6% compared to the previous year, which was 4,221 deaths. Based on the causes, the majority of maternal deaths were caused by bleeding as many as 1,330 cases, hypertension in pregnancy as many as 1,110 cases, and disorders of the circulatory system as many as 230 cases (Ministry of Health, 2021). % of mothers giving birth. When approaching the time of delivery in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, pregnant women experience anxiety about the stigma that giving birth will be painful and injure the perineum (Sri Mulati, 2016). Prevention of perineal rupture can be done by perineal massage. This discussion aims to collect and analyze articles to identify the effectiveness of perineal massage management as an effort to prevent rupture. The results of this discussion show that perineal massage has significant results in reducing the occurrence of perineal rupture. Perineal massage is also beneficial in reducing the rate of episiotomy as well as providing other benefits to the mother and the newborn. However, these studies have drawbacks, namely, this perineal massage does not yet have global clinical guidelines on the standard of implementing perineal massage, in some studies the sample experienced dropout in research and differences in research results that affect perineal massage on the prevention of perineal rupture. further research is needed regarding the standard of perineal massage and the support of husbands and midwives in the education and implementation of perineal massage