Management of petroleum wastewater: comparative evaluation of modern and traditional techniques

Pre-treatment of composite industrial wastewater by Fenton and electro-Fenton oxidation processes

“…In Fenton process, the hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) oxidize organic matter in industrial wastewater by radical reaction and electron transfer 17 . 100 ml of the composite industrial wastewater sample was treated by Fenton process at different operating parameters such as pH (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), Fe concentration (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 mg/L), H 2 O 2 concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 g/L). All experiments were performed in a jar test apparatus.…”

“…such as pH (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), electrodes (iron/ iron, stainless-steel/ stainless-steel, and iron/stainless-steel,) at different time intervals (0, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 min), iron concentration (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 mg/L), hydrogen peroxide concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 g/L), voltage (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 V) are investigated and COD parameter was adopted as e ciency indicator for the treatment process.…”

“…In general, treatment approaches are adopted depending on the nature and load of pollutants 8 . Generally, industrial wastewater treatment techniques have been classi ed into physicochemical, physical, chemical, and biological processes 9 . Actually, the toxicity and recalcitrant nature of certain components in industrial wastewater, long time, and larges surface area render the extensive application of conventional biological processes 10 .…”

Recent progress, synthesis, and application of chitosan-decorated magnetic nanocomposites in remediation of dye-laden wastewaters

“…As an example, coagulation and flocculation consume non-recyclable chemicals, and higher capital and maintenance costs of flotation make them economically unviable. 15 The necessity of pre-treatment, the dependence of the oxidant type, and the short half-life of ozone are shortcomings of oxidation and ozonation. 16,17 Biodegradation poses the problems of slow kinetics, a complex mechanism, low biodegradability of dyes, and high dependence on the environment.…”