Management of Physiological Gingival Melanosis by Diode Laser Depigmentation versus Surgical Scalpel: A Systematic Review

Inchingolo, Francesco; Inchingolo, Alessio Danilo; Palumbo, Irene; Guglielmo, Mariafrancesca; Balestriere, Liviana; Casamassima, Lucia; Ciccarese, Danilo; Marotti, Pierluigi; Mancini, Antonio; Palermo, Andrea; Inchingolo, Angelo Michele; Dipalma, Gianna

doi:10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100146

Dentistry Review

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.dentre.2024.100146

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Management of Physiological Gingival Melanosis by Diode Laser Depigmentation versus Surgical Scalpel: A Systematic Review

Francesco Inchingolo,

Alessio Danilo Inchingolo,

Irene Palumbo

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

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The Diagnosis and Management of Infraoccluded Deciduous Molars: A Systematic Review

Dipalma,

Inchingolo,

Memè

et al. 2024

Children

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The infraocclusion (IO) of primary molars, often seen in retained deciduous teeth, is a common condition that presents significant challenges for pediatric oral health. It occurs when primary molars are positioned below the occlusal plane due to the absence of permanent successors, leading to complications such as misaligned teeth, impaired chewing, and long-term dental health issues. Objectives: This study examines IO prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted, searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles from the last 15 years. Nine articles were included for qualitative analysis. Results: IO was associated with several complications, including root resorption, altered eruption of adjacent teeth, and space loss within the dental arch. Clinical and radiographic evaluations are key to early detection. Severe cases often require invasive treatments, such as tooth extraction and space maintenance, while mild cases could be monitored. Conclusions: IO is prevalent in pediatric dentistry and can lead to significant dental issues if untreated. Early detection and intervention are crucial for preventing complications like tooth misalignment and impacted premolars. Tailored treatment strategies based on severity, along with increased awareness among dental practitioners, are essential to improve long-term outcomes for affected children.

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The Diagnosis and Management of Infraoccluded Deciduous Molars: A Systematic Review

Dipalma,

Inchingolo,

Memè

et al. 2024

Children

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Piezosurgery in Third Molar Extractions: A Systematic Review

Mancini,

Inchingolo,

Chirico

et al. 2024

JPM

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Background: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical efficacy, benefits, and limitations of piezosurgery in tooth extractions compared to conventional methods. Piezosurgery has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative, promoting better preservation of soft tissues and bone structures. Understanding its impact on postoperative outcomes such as pain, swelling, trismus, and bone healing is critical for its application in oral surgery; Materials and Methods: We restricted our search to English-language articles published between 1 January 2004 and 28 August 2024, in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Boolean search keywords “piezosurgery AND tooth extraction” were used. Results: A total of 983 articles were identified, and after duplicates were removed, 766 studies were screened. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven articles were selected for qualitative analysis. Conclusions: The literature suggests that piezosurgery offers advantages, such as reduced postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus, despite longer surgical times compared to conventional methods. While piezosurgery shows promise for improved patient comfort and soft tissue preservation, further research is required to validate its long-term impact on bone healing and regeneration.

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Successful Use of the Er,Cr:YSGG Laser for Gingival Depigmentation

Almusallam,

Al-Mohaya

2024

Cureus

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The color of the gingiva is determined by the degree of vascularization, epithelial thickness, and the number of melanin pigments within the epithelium. Melanin pigmentation is caused by abnormal or increased deposition of melanin by active melanocytes located mainly in the basal and supra-basal cell layers of the oral epithelium. Oral melanin pigmentation occurs most frequently in the gingiva, known as gingival hyperpigmentation (GHP), which is a common esthetical concern with variable etiologic factors. Clinically, GHP reveals asymptomatic, well-defined, generalized or localized, light-to-dark brown macules of variable sizes. Gingival depigmentation (GD) is a procedure used to remove or reduce excessive pigmentation using several therapeutic approaches, which include surgical, chemical, electrosurgical, and cryosurgical procedures. Many clinicians prefer to use laser ablations such as CO 2 , diode, Er:YAG, and Er,Cr:YSGG, which can be utilized safely and effectively without postoperative discomfort. Er,Cr:YSGG with a 2780 nm wavelength has an ablative mechanism of action with high water absorption. Herein, we present a case of a 16-year-old girl with a darkly pigmented gingiva. Clinical examination revealed generalized physiologic pigmentation in the maxillary and mandibular anterior gingiva. Treatment was carried out by using an Er,Cr:YSGG laser including a wavelength of 2780 nm, a frequency of 50 Hz, 2.5 W, 10-20% water, and 20-40% air, employing the MZ8 tip in contact mode localized only on pigmentated areas. The ablated regions healed almost completely in two weeks without pain or discomfort, and the color was comparable to the normal gingiva. In the six-month follow-up, the patient was seen with full satisfaction. GD by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser was found to be a safe and efficient approach.

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Management of Physiological Gingival Melanosis by Diode Laser Depigmentation versus Surgical Scalpel: A Systematic Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 111 publications

The Diagnosis and Management of Infraoccluded Deciduous Molars: A Systematic Review

The Diagnosis and Management of Infraoccluded Deciduous Molars: A Systematic Review

Piezosurgery in Third Molar Extractions: A Systematic Review

Successful Use of the Er,Cr:YSGG Laser for Gingival Depigmentation

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