Management of poisoning due to organophosphorus compounds

Haywood, P.; Karalliedde, Lakshman

doi:10.1054/cacc.2000.0288

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The need to develop newer treatment regimes is urgent. 40) Peña-Llopis et al demonstrates that NAC may be a complementary antidote for OP poisoning, acting at different target sites. 22) NAC treatment is able to improve paraquat-induced mortality significantly in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effect of N-Acetylcysteine against Organophosphate Toxicity in Mice

Yürümez

Cemek

Yılmaz

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Recent studies showed that oxidative stress could be an important component of the mechanism of organophosphate (OP) compounds toxicity. The aim of present study was to investigate either prophylactic and therapeutic effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against fenthion-induced oxidative stress in mice. Additionally, the effects on survival rates were investigated. Therefore, we determined the changes of the blood levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite, and nitrate in blood or serum. Additionally, all animals were observed for 6 h and the survival rates were recorded. It was found that fenthion administration increased the levels of MDA, and decreased the levels of GSH, nitrite and nitrate. On the other hand, both prophylactic and therapeutic NAC treatment decreased the levels of MDA, and increased the levels of GSH, nitrite, and nitrate. The results showed that NAC is able to attenuate the fenthion-induced oxidative stres whereby NAC has not only prophylactic but also therapeutic activity in fenthion poisoning. On the other hand, we found that NAC can clearly improve survival rates in mice administered with an acute high dose of fenthion poisoning. In conclusion, NAC can decrease OP-induced oxidative stress and mortality rate, but the exact mechanism of its NAC protective effect needs to be explored further.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effect of N-Acetylcysteine against Organophosphate Toxicity in Mice

Yürümez

Cemek

Yılmaz

et al. 2007

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…Time of death following a single exposure varies from 5 min. up to 24 hr or more, depending on agent, dose and duration of exposure [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Interleukin‐10 on Tissue Damage Caused by Organophosphate Poisoning*

Yürümez¹,

Ikizceli²,

Sözüer³

et al. 2007

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Organophosphate poisoning is a common cause of severe morbidity and mortality among patients admitted to emergency departments. Tissue damages as a consequence of organophosphate poisoning are frequently reported, but preventing this potentially severe complication has not been the subject of much research. We tested whether interleukin-10, a cytoprotective agent, could prevent or diminish pathological signs of tissue damages caused by organophosphate poisoning. Thirty rats were divided into three equal groups (n = 10). Group 1 (sham) did not receive any agent during the experiment. Group 2 (control) received 0.8 g/kg of fenthion intraperitoneally, followed by 6 ml/kg of intraperitoneal normal saline 30 min. and 3 hr later. Group 3 (treatment) received 0.8 g/kg of fenthion intraperitoneally, followed by 2 µ g/kg of interleukin-10 intraperitoneally 30 min. and 3 hr later. All rats were killed under anaesthesia after 6 hr and tissue samples were obtained from liver, kidneys and lungs. Even organophosphate poisonings do not cause significant clinical problems; several degrees of damages could be observed in liver, kidneys and lungs. These damages could be reduced by interleukin-10 treatment.

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“…However, OP compounds are also known to have effects on the GABA and glutamate systems, N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptors. 6 The pesticide poisoning is one of the preventable public health problem in the developing countries. OP compounds are easily available for purchase in countries like Nepal where agriculture is the main industry with maximum land holdings for agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinico-Epidemiological Study on Pesticide Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal

Agrawaal

Karki

2014

J Nepal Med Assoc

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Introduction: Pesticide poisoning is a major health problem worldwide. In Nepal the most common cause is suicidal and pesticides account for more than fifty percent of cases. The objective of the study was to look in detail regarding the pesticide poisoning cases admitted at BPKIHS; their epidemiological profile, presentation, treatment and their outcome during the hospital stay. Drug therapy included specific antidotal drugs; atropine and pralidoxime (PAM) and some nonspecificdrugs: antimicrobials and sedatives. Methods: It was a retrospective study which included 2621 patients with poisoning of which 1661 cases were related to pesticides. Results: The mean age at presentation was 29 years. The mean duration of hospital stay was 6.7 days. The majority of patients 81.16% showed improvement whereas 6.6% of patients died within 24 hours of admission and 3.54% after 48 hours of admission. Among all the patients 0.5% patients were given ICU care and all others were managed in the different units of medicine ward. The total amount of atropine administered varied considerably from patient to patient, according to the need. Most of the cases were under the influence of alcohol. All the patients had a psychiatry evaluation before discharge. Conclusions: Pesticide poisoning is increasing in incidence and it is one of the preventable public health problems and includes mainly the patients’ age group 20-30 years. Due to easy availability of pesticides it is the most preferred method of suicide, the main reasons being impulsive act and increased indebtedness in the society. Keywords: pesticides; organophosphorous poisoning.

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Management of poisoning due to organophosphorus compounds

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Beneficial Effect of N-Acetylcysteine against Organophosphate Toxicity in Mice

Beneficial Effect of N-Acetylcysteine against Organophosphate Toxicity in Mice

Effect of Interleukin‐10 on Tissue Damage Caused by Organophosphate Poisoning*

Clinico-Epidemiological Study on Pesticide Poisoning in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal

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