Management of post-photorefractive keratectomy pain

Efficacy and Safety of Transdermal Fentanyl in the Control of Postoperative Pain After Photorefractive Keratectomy

“…15,20 However, its effect was not sufficiently satisfactory. In addition, there was risk of Steven-Johnson syndrome, which could induce irreversible systemic and ocular surface damage.…”

Postoperative Pain After Laser Refractive Surgery

“…Most surgeons use topical NSAIDs no more than 3 or 4 times a day for 3 days after surgery. 4,43,57 Ketorolac: Topical ketorolac tromethamine is an NSAID with proven analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. It has showed efficacy in controlling pain after PRK through diverse studies including randomized controlled trials.…”

“…Symptoms include foreign body sensation, light sensitivity, tearing, irritation, itching, and burning, peaking about 24 hours after surgery and typically decreasing within 72 hours after surgery, when reepithelialization is complete. 4 Furthermore, the presence of a chronic dry eye syndrome is well recognized. 5 Several pathophysiological mechanisms are involved.…”

Four-year to seven-year outcomes of advanced surface ablation with excimer laser for high myopia

“…Intrastromal techniques are the most widely used, but surface ablation techniques still have a relevant role [1][2][3]. Surface ablation techniques are often preferred in eyes with thin corneas, superficial corneal scars, anterior basement membrane dystrophies, dry-eye syndrome and as re-treatment following small-incision lenticule extraction or in patients predisposed for contact injury [4][5][6][7]. Disadvantages of surface ablation techniques include a relatively long visual recovery period, postoperative pain, and higher risk of corneal haze and myopic regression as compared to intrastromal techniques, especially when treating high degrees of myopia [2,5,6,8,9].…”

“…Disadvantages of surface ablation techniques include a relatively long visual recovery period, postoperative pain, and higher risk of corneal haze and myopic regression as compared to intrastromal techniques, especially when treating high degrees of myopia [2,5,6,8,9]. Technological advancements with larger optical zones, corneal cooling, epithelial repositioning, mitomycin C, and highfrequency flying-spot excimer lasers with eye-trackers have improved outcomes and reduced the risk of complications after surface ablation techniques [3,7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The umbrella term for many of these improvements is "advanced surface ablation," which includes photorefractive keratectomy with cooling (cPRK) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK), among others [17].…”