Management of Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma in 2018

The role of radiotherapy in patients with refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma after treatment with brentuximab vedotin and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors

“… 3 , 4 Efforts have been made to improve the efficacy of salvage treatments, including chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) or the addition of novel agents. 5 , 6 …”

“… 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 This change in practice means that patients with single- or double-refractory (refractory to BV and/or ICIs) disease are becoming a common clinical problem. 6 Consequently, there is a strong need to identify additional effective salvage options that can provide long-term disease control with acceptable toxicity.…”

Optimizing checkpoint inhibitors therapy for relapsed or progressive classic Hodgkin lymphoma by multiplex immunohistochemistry of the tumor microenvironment

“…This so‐called PD‐1–PD‐L1 axis is a critical checkpoint that regulates the efficacy of T cell‐mediated immune responses, so blocking this pathway is the basis for cHL immunotherapy using checkpoint‐blocking antibodies (eg, nivolumab, pembrolizumab). This strategy begins to be used when patients affected by cHL do not respond adequately to initial therapy (first‐line or second‐line treatments) or relapse . The therapeutic activity of nivolumab was recently shown in two clinical trials of cHL patients who had failed to respond to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and brentuximab vedotin.…”