Management of Severe and Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Children

Lenters, Lindsey; Wazny, Kerri; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A

doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0348-2_ch11

Cited by 55 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is established that children with MAM require increased intake of energy and essential nutrients over and above those required by healthy children (L. Lenters, Wazny, & Bhutta, ; WHO, ). The evidence presented in this review suggests that food products do support recovery from MAM and are often more effective at promoting anthropometric recovery, than nutrition counselling, with or without the addition of micronutrient supplements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition using food products

Lelijveld

Beedle

Farhikhtah

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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There is currently a lack of international guidance on the most appropriate treatment for moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), and discrepancies in national treatment guidelines exist. We aimed to explore whether food interventions are effective for MAM children 6-59 months old and whether they result in better outcomes compared with no treatment or management with nutrition counselling. A systematic literature search was conducted in October 2018, identifying studies that compared treating MAM children with food products versus management with counselling or no intervention. A total of 673 abstracts were screened, 101 full texts were read, and one study was identified that met our inclusion criteria. After broadening the criteria to include micronutrients in the control group and enrolment based on outdated anthropometric criteria, 11 studies were identified for inclusion. Seven of these found food products to be superior for anthropometric outcomes compared with counselling and/or micronutrient supplementation; two of the studies found no significant benefit of a food product intervention; and two studies were inconclusive.Hence, the majority of studies in this review found that food products resulted in greater anthropometric gains than counselling or micronutrient interventions. This was especially true if the supplementary food provided was of suitable quality and provided for an adequate duration. Improving quality of and adherence to counselling may improve its effectiveness, particularly in food secure contexts. There is currently a paucity of comparable studies on this topic as well as a lack of studies that include important functional outcomes beyond anthropometric proxies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition using food products

Lelijveld

Beedle

Farhikhtah

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…Undernutrition is related to a depression of the immune system implying frequent infections, in turn infectious diseases aggravate undernutrition through increased metabolism as well as reduced nutrient intake/absorption [45,73]. Likewise anemia is associated with an increased risk of morbidity [74,75] in particular from infectious diseases [63] and mortality [76,77] in children; and morbidity in turn works as a driver for anemia [78].…”

Section: Predictors Of Anemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Undernutrition and Anemia among Santal Adivasi Children, Birbhum District, West Bengal, India

Stiller

Golembiewski

Golembiewski³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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India’s Adivasi scheduled tribe population is disproportionately affected by undernutrition and anemia, thereby prevailing in the poorest wealth deciles denominated as socially and economically vulnerable. This study was designed to assess the extent of child undernutrition (conventional and composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) classification), as well as the burden of anemia in children and its independent nutrition specific and sensitive drivers, moreover to reflect the living conditions of Santal Adivasis. The research survey was conducted in 21 Santal villages, Birbhum District, West Bengal, in 2015. An overall 307 children (aged 6–39 months) and their mothers (n = 288) were assessed for their hemoglobin (Hb) levels (HemoCue Hb201+) and anthropometric indices such as height/length, weight and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Moreover, socio-demographic household characteristics were surveyed. The study confirmed Adivasi children lagging behind national average with a high prevalence of undernutrition (height-for-age z-score (HAZ) 51.9%, weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) 49.2%, weight-for-height z-score WHZ 19.0% and CIAF 61.6%) and of moderate and severe anemia (Hb < 10 g/dL, 73.3% altogether). Child’s age <24 months, low WAZ scores, morbidity (any fever, diarrhea or respiratory infection) on the checkup day or during previous week, low maternal Hb level, and lack of dietary diversification were identified as predictors for anemia, thereby warrant targeted interventions to decrease the high anemia rates assessed in the study site.

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“…Severe acute malnutrition is the most extreme and visible form of undernutrition, also called severe wasting, caused not from emergencies but plagued by chronic poverty, household food insecurity, lack of education [1,2]. Specifically for acute malnutrition, severely wasted children have been estimated to have a greater than nine fold increased risk (relative risk of 9.4) of dying compared to a well-nourished child [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Severe Acute Malnutrition Among Under 5 Children in Satar Community of Jhapa, Nepal

Dahal

Yadav

Baral

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Severe acute malnutrition is the most extreme and visible form of undernutrition plagued by chronic poverty, household food insecurity, lack of education. One of the indigenous and marginalized community of Nepal, Satar/Santhal has often been neglected and is devoid of good education and are economically deprived. This predisposes under 5 children of Satar into malnutrition. The study aims to assess determinants of SAM among children under 5 years of age in Satar community of Jhapa district, Nepal. Material & Methods: A community based matched case control study was carried from September 2019 to February 2020 among under five children of Satar community residing in Jhapa district. Multistage random sampling technique was used to select 50 cases and 100 controls in the ratio of 1:2. Information was collected through personal interview with the parents and anthropometric measurement of the children was measured. Bivariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was to explore the determinants of severe acute malnutrition. Results: A total of 664 children between the age group of 6 – 59 months were screened for SAM. The prevalence of SAM was found 7.53%. Factors like, low economic status, birth interval less than 2 years, frequency of breast feeding <8 times/day and household food insecurity were found to be significant determinants of SAM. Multivariate logistic regression documented low economic status (AOR: 11.14, 95% CI 1.42 to 87.46); and frequency of breast feeding <8 times/day (AOR: 2.09, 95% CI 1.00 to 4.37) as determinants of SAM. Conclusion: Low economic status and frequency of breast feeding less than 8times/day were major determinants of SAM among children under 5yrs of age. Ending malnutrition will require greater efforts and integrated approaches to eradicate extreme poverty. Multi-sector approaches have been conducting for SAM in Nepal but there are no specific approaches for marginalized community.

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Management of Severe and Moderate Acute Malnutrition in Children

Cited by 55 publications

References 34 publications

Systematic review of the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition using food products

Systematic review of the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition using food products

Prevalence of Undernutrition and Anemia among Santal Adivasi Children, Birbhum District, West Bengal, India

Determinants of Severe Acute Malnutrition Among Under 5 Children in Satar Community of Jhapa, Nepal

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