Management of strawberry anthracnose by choice of irrigation system, mulching material and host resistance

Coelho, M. V. S.; Palma, Flávio R.; Filho, Adalberto Corrêa Café

doi:10.1080/09670870802419610

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Plastic mulch prevents direct contact of tomato fruits with pathogen-contaminated soil (22) but has the potential to enhance splash dispersal by rain or irrigation water. Enhanced splash dispersal of fungal spores by soil covered with plastic mulch compared with bare soil or organic mulch has been well documented (13,31,42), but effects of plastic mulch on splash dispersal of bacteria has not been studied. Factors such as high rain intensities, the use of plastic mulch, and low density of canopies have been suggested to enhance the dispersal of plant pathogens (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Dispersal of Salmonella Typhimurium by Rain Splash onto Tomato Plants

Cevallos-Cevallos

Danyluk

et al. 2012

Journal of Food Protection

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Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica have increasingly been associated with tomatoes and traced back to production areas, but the spread of Salmonella from a point source onto plants has not been described. Splash dispersal by rain could be one means of dissemination. Green fluorescent protein–labeled, kanamycin-resistant Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium dispensed on the surface of plastic mulch, organic mulch, or soil at 108 CFU/cm2 was used as the point source in the center of a rain simulator. Tomato plants in soil with and without plastic or organic mulch were placed around the point source, and rain intensities of 60 and 110 mm/h were applied for 5, 10, 20, and 30 min. Dispersal of Salmonella followed a negative exponential model with a half distance of 3 cm at 110 mm/h. Dispersed Salmonella survived for 3 days on tomato leaflets, with a total decline of 5 log and an initial decimal reduction time of 10 h. Recovery of dispersed Salmonella from plants at the maximum observed distance ranged from 3 CFU/g of leaflet after a rain episode of 110 mm/h for 10 min on soil to 117 CFU/g of leaflet on plastic mulch. Dispersal of Salmonella on plants with and without mulch was significantly enhanced by increasing rain duration from 0 to 10 min, but dispersal was reduced when rainfall duration increased from 10 to 30 min. Salmonella may be dispersed by rain to contaminate tomato plants in the field, especially during rain events of 10 min and when plastic mulch is used.

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confidence: 98%

Dispersal of Salmonella Typhimurium by Rain Splash onto Tomato Plants

Cevallos-Cevallos

Danyluk

et al. 2012

Journal of Food Protection

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“…According to Lopes et al (2005), the dispersal and dissemination of conidia in this type of formation occurs mainly by the impact of water A B drops on the plants. A similar effect was observed in another pathosystem with a causal agent that also has conidia surrounded by a gelatinous matrix, strawberry anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum (Coelho et al, 2008).…”

Section: Days After Plantingmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Consequently, the largest drops of water sprinkled on the plants in the conventional sprinkler treatments had a greater capacity to dislodge the conidia from the cirrus and were more efficient in spreading them within the same plant and among plants; this was notably more than with the very small drops applied on the plants irrigated by microsprinkler. Similarly, Coelho et al (2008) verified that there was a significant reduction in the severity of anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, in strawberry plants irrigated by microsprinkler, compared to conventional sprinkler.…”

Section: Days After Plantingmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Freitas et al, 2002;Napoleão et al, 2005). Thus, the lower severity of septoria leaf spot in treatment AS palha may be associated not only with the reduced water splashes and with the energy absorption that the drops undergo when they reach the mulch, as it happens with conidia of C. acutatum (Coelho et al, 2008), but also with the putative reduction of the efficiency of the primary inoculum present in the area, when the straw acted as a physical barrier to the conidia to reach the plant. Thus, although the irrigation system is by far the most important factor in the septoria leaf spot epidemic, the use of soil cover with straw mulch may help in managing the disease when irrigation is done by sprinkler.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Septoria leaf spot in organic tomatoes under diverse irrigation systems and water management strategies

et al. 2013

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The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal progress of septoria leaf spot of tomato, caused by Septoria lycopersici, in different irrigation systems. The experiment was carried out in an organic farming system, in a randomized block design with three replicates. Six irrigation systems were evaluated: GO 1L : one dripline per row of plants; GO 2L : two drip-lines; SU: furrow; MI sub : microsprinkler below plant canopy; MI alta : microsprinkler above plant canopy; AS: overhead sprinkler irrigation. Water management strategies varied with soil moisture tensions. Irrigation by drip systems was carried out when soil water tensions reached 15-30 kPa (high moisture), whereas for SU the trigger soil tension was 30-60 kPa (moderate moisture). All other systems were conducted at both soil water tension ranges. One additional treatment was conducted with overhead sprinkler, high soil moisture and straw mulch (AS palha ). The disease manifested itself by natural infection, and quantification was carried out weekly from the onset of symptoms. Disease severity was estimated at the halfway point (Y 50 ) and at the end (Y max ) of the time-course of the epidemics, and the area under the disease progress curve was also calculated (AUDPC). Disease progress analysis was done after fitting severity data to the Gompertz model. Highest Y max (30-35%) values were found in the AS systems, while the lowest severities were associated with MI (6-10%), GO and SU (4%), indicating that the smaller the water drop size, the lower the disease severity. To a lesser extent, higher frequencies of irrigation in the AS and MI systems also favored higher disease levels. The use of straw mulch (AS palha ) significantly reduced Y 50 and AUDPC, when compared to AS.

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“…Living mulches (such as wheat, rye, or rye grass) in row middles have been shown to reduce disease spread within a field. Organic mulches, such as wheat straw or pine needles, will also reduce splash and result in lower incidence of anthracnose compared to rows mulched with plastic (Coelhoa et al, 2008;Madden, 1992;Smith and Spiers, 1986). Anthracnose is less severe when water is supplied to plants using drip rather than overhead irrigation (Coelhoa et al, 2008;Madden, 1992;Smith and Spiers, 1986).…”

Section: Anthracnose Cultural Control Measuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

Strawberry Anthracnose: Progress toward Control through Science

Smith

2013

International Journal of Fruit Science

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Management of strawberry anthracnose by choice of irrigation system, mulching material and host resistance

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Dispersal of Salmonella Typhimurium by Rain Splash onto Tomato Plants

Dispersal of Salmonella Typhimurium by Rain Splash onto Tomato Plants

Septoria leaf spot in organic tomatoes under diverse irrigation systems and water management strategies

Strawberry Anthracnose: Progress toward Control through Science

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